The analysis of electron micrographs by optical diffraction was introduced recently by Klug & Berger (1964). Their experiments were conducted with a special diffractometer designed for use with diffracting masks up to several inches in diameter. A method is described here for using a conventional light microscope as an optical diffractometer which can accept masks up to 5 mm in diameter. A 100-...

When biological macromolecules are imaged in the transmission electron microscope (TEM), their inherent handedness is lost because the three-dimensional (3D) structure is projected onto a two-dimensional (2D) plane, and identical 2D projections can be made from either 3D enantiomer. Nevertheless, tilt experiments in the TEM can be used to determine handedness. These experiments have been perfor...

the magnetite (fe3o4) – agar nanocomposite was prepared by co-precipitation of fe (iii) and fe (ii) ions for the first time. the obtained samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. ft-ir results confirm the formation of fe3o4 nanoparticles in agar matrix. the xrd results revealed th...

Transmission electron microscopy, as most imaging devices, introduces optical aberrations that in the case of thin specimens are usually modeled in Fourier space by the so-called contrast transfer function (CTF). Accurate determination of the CTF is crucial for its posterior correction. Furthermore, the CTF estimation must be fast and robust if high-throughput three-dimensional electron microsc...

A new instrument for observing and recording small changes of mechanical pressure by making use of the phenomena of the interference of light has recently been described. 1 Several important changes in the instrument have been made since the original communication, and the development of its applications has been in steady progress. In the present paper, an account is given of some results obta...