The mechanism responsible for the osmotic sensitivity of sarcosine oxidation by liver mitochondria from the little skate, Raja erinacea Mitchill, is examined. Assay medium tonicity, rather than a solute effect (urea or trimethylamine oxide), is probably responsible for the inverse relationship between osmolarity and the rate of oxidation of sarcosine by these mitochondria. Sarcosine oxidation p...

Sarcosine is an amino acid apparently not widely distributed in Nature. As a free amino acid, sarcosine has been demonstrated in the radial caeca of the starfish Astropecten aurantiacus (Kossel & Edlbacher, 1915), in the muscles of Elasmobranchii (Tarr, 1958) and in the reindeer moss, Cladonia itlvatica (Linko, Alfthan, Miettinen & Virtanen, 1953). Sarcosine has been found bound in peptides in ...

We aimed to evaluate the expression of sarcosine metabolism-related proteins according to site of metastatic breast cancer, and the clinical implications. Immunohistochemical staining for glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT), sarcosine dehydrogenase (SARDH), and l-pipecolic acid oxidase (PIPOX) was performed on tissue microarrays from 162 metastatic breast cancer (bone metastases = 47, brain meta...

Sarcosine oxidase (SOX) is known as a peroxisomal enzyme in mammals and as a sarcosine-inducible enzyme in soil bacteria. Its presence in plants was unsuspected until the Arabidopsis genome was found to encode a protein (AtSOX) with approximately 33% sequence identity to mammalian and bacterial SOXs. When overexpressed in Escherichia coli, AtSOX enhanced growth on sarcosine as sole nitrogen sou...

1. Streptomyces V-187 produces on minimal medium a mixture composed mainly of actinomycin C(1) (actinomycin D) and actinomycin A(1) (actinomycin I). If sarcosine is added to the medium, the micro-organism produces, in addition to actinomycins C(1) and A(1), actinomycin F(8) (actinomycin II) and actinomycin F(9) (actinomycin (III), characterized by the substitution by sarcosine of one or both th...

Monitoring Prostate Cancer (PCa) biomarkers is an efficient way to diagnosis this disease early, since it improves the therapeutic success rate and suppresses PCa patient mortality: for this reason a powerful analytical technique such as electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is already used for this application, but its widespread usability is still hampered by the high cost of commercial ECL equipmen...

The sarcosine oxidase gene and nearby genes from Corynebacterium sp. U-96 were determined. The genes for serine hydroxymethyltransferase, the beta, delta, alpha, and gamma subunits of sarcosine oxidase, serine dehydratase, and 10-formyltetrahydrofolate hydrolase are arranged in this order. This suggests that the bacteria contain a cluster of genes for the catabolism of sarcosine to pyruvate. Th...

Brain ischemic tolerance is an endogenous protective mechanism activated by a preconditioning stimulus that is closely related to N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Glycine transporter type 1 (GlyT-1) inhibitors potentiate NMDAR and suggest an alternative strategy for brain preconditioning. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of brain preconditioning induced by sarcosine, a Gly...

Brain ischemic tolerance is a protective mechanism induced by a preconditioning stimulus, which prepare the tissue against harmful insults. Preconditioning with N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) agonists induces brain tolerance and protects it against glutamate excitotoxicity. Recently, the glycine transporters type 1 (GlyT-1) have been shown to potentiate glutamate neurotransmission through NMDA rec...

AIM Find changes in matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) levels during augmentation of antipsychotic treatment with sarcosine and a relationship between schizophrenia symptoms severity and initial level of MMP-9. METHOD Fifty-eight patients with diagnosis of schizophrenia with predominant negative symptoms participated in a six-month prospective RCT (randomized controlled trial). The patients re...