We report the first documented cases of sandfly fever virus infection in travellers returning from Malta to Switzerland in autumn 2011. These cases illustrate the importance of considering sandfly-borne viral infection in the differential diagnosis of febrile patients from the Mediterranean island Malta. Raising awareness among physicians is relevant especially now at the beginning of the summe...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to describe the major evolutionary historical events among Leishmania, sandflies, and the associated animal reservoirs in detail, in accordance with the geographical evolution of the Earth, which has not been previously discussed on a large scale. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Leishmania and sandfly classification has always been a controversial matter...

Leishmaniasis is a complex disease caused by more than 20 species of the Leishmania parasite, with over a million new cases occurring every year.(1) It breaks out in foci across tropical and temperate regions around the world, in areas where the sandfly, responsible for its transmission, lives. In anthroponotic leishmaniasis (transmission between humans by the sandfly) humans are the only reser...

Sik,?My thanks are due to Lieutenant Stott and Major Rogers for their criticisms of my paper published in the " Gazette " for August last. Since its publication, Lieutenant-Colonel Birt, K. A.M.C., has very kindly sent me reprints of his recent articles in the Journal of the R. A. M. C. on " Phlebotomus Fever in Malta and Crete" and " Sandfly Fever in India." His clinical description of the fev...

To determine whether sandfly fever Sicilian virus (SFSV) is present in Algeria, we tested sandflies for phlebovirus RNA. A sequence closely related to that of SFSV was detected in a Phlebotomus ariasi sandfly. Of 60 human serum samples, 3 contained immunoglobulin G against SFSV. These data suggest SFSV is present in Algeria.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a disease that results in approximately 50 000 human deaths annually. It is transmitted through the bites of phlebotomine sandflies and around two-thirds of cases occur on the Indian subcontinent. Indoor residual spraying (IRS), the efficacy of which depends upon sandfly adults resting indoors, is the only sandfly control method used in India. Recently, in Bihar, ...

INTRODUCTION Sandfly fever virus (SFV) serotypes sandfly fever Naples virus, sandfly fever Sicilian virus, and sandfly fever Cyprus virus cause febrile diseases, whereas Toscana virus (TOSV) is responsible for aseptic meningoencephalitis. Diagnosis and surveillance of TOSV depend heavily on virus serology, and various commercial assays utilizing various antigen sources and formats have been ava...

Following an epidemiological survey of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniosis (ZCL) in some villages of Badrood, a rural district north of the city of Natanz, central Iran, Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus ) papatasi Scopoli were found to be naturally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) major zymodeme MON-26. Sandflies were collected and dissected biweekly from rodent burrows during sandfly season, Ap...

Sandfly fever (SF) is one of the emerging arboviral diseases caused by sandfly fever viruses, which are transmitted to humans by the bite of phlebotomine sandflies. The disease is a self-limited febrile illness, and presents as a rapid onset of high fever, severe myalgia and arthralgia, headache, and in some cases photophobia, abdominal discomfort and nausea. An elevation in aminotransferases m...