Sand dripping in 1 dimensional Sand Pile Model is rst studied. Patterns and signals appear. Their behaviors and interactions are explained and asymptotic approximations are made. The total collapsing time of a single stack of sand is linear in function of the number of grains.

stable pile depth in the Snowy River study (SKM 2005) is outlined. The inputs used in the run of the LLP99 model were: • single soil layer, • very high flexural stiffness of pile (1,000,000 kN/m). • pile width = 0.3 m (i.e. wooden pile), • shear strength in the absence of lateral stress (for unconsolidated sand 150 kN/m was used), • effective unit weight of soil (15 kN/m), • active lateral effe...

We consider the frequency-size statistics of two natural hazards, forest fires and landslides. Both appear to satisfy power-law (fractal) distributions to a good approximation under a wide variety of conditions. Two simple cellular-automata models have been proposed as analogs for this observed behavior, the forest fire model for forest fires and the sand pile model for landslides. The behavior...

We relate the pressure "dip" observed at the bottom of a sand pile prepared by successive avalanches to the stress profile obtained on sheared granular layers in response to a localized vertical overload. We show that, within a simple anisotropic elastic analysis, the skewness and the tilt of the response profile caused by shearing provide a qualitative agreement with the sand pile dip effect. ...

Sand pile models are dynamical systems describing the evolution from N stacked grains to a stable configuration. It uses local rules to depict grain moves and iterate it until reaching a fixed configuration from which no rule can be applied. The main interest of sand piles relies in their Self Organized Criticality (SOC), the property that a small perturbation — adding some sand grains — on a f...

Using a series of model tests, this study investigated the effect of a passive pile on 3D ground deformation around a laterally loaded pile and on that laterally loaded pile's response in sand. The active pile head was subjected to lateral loads, and the passive pile was arranged in front of the active pile. In the model tests, the distance between the two pile centers was set to zero (i.e., a ...

Deep foundations are slender pile elements used to transfer loads from structures into deeper soil strata below the ground. Deep foundations have a variety of loads including axial, lateral and moments. Often these loads will act together to form a combination of loads, such as oblique forces that have a component of axial and lateral forces. Due to the pile’s length, which can extend past 30 m...

The Sand Pile Model (SPM) and its generalization, the Ice Pile Model (IPM), originate from physics and have various applications in the description of the evolution of granular systems. In this article, we deal with the enumeration and the exhaustive generation of the accessible configuration of the system. Our work is based on a new recursive decomposition theorem for SPM configurations using ...

1. Self-Organized Criticality 1.1. Introduction There is an abundance of the scale invariant phenomena in nature, e.g. fractals, earthquakes, 1=f noise, uctuation of the stock index, etc. Scale invariance means that there are many scales (or equivalently, no typical scale) in the system. One asks why and how so many diierent scales emerge naturally in a physical system. In 1987, Bak, Tang, and ...

The dynamics of several games on line graphs is studied. Relations between these games and a one-dimensional version of the sand pile model are established. We also study a generalization of the latter model, which we call the ice pile model. Specifically, we investigate the dynamical behavior of all these games and provide closed formulas for the transient time lengths they require to reach th...