while a wide array of pathological changes occur in cerebral arteries following subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah), the most consistent is endothelial damage. since the endothelium normally modulates reflexes that influence vascular tone, any damage to it may represent a significant contributor to cerebral vasospasm following sah. this experimental study investigates the correlation between endothel...

The effect of raloxifene on cerebral vasospasm following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was investigated in a rat model. Seven groups of seven rats underwent no SAH, no treatment; SAH only; SAH plus vehicle; SAH plus 3 days intraperitoneal raloxifene treatment; SAH plus 4 days intraperitoneal raloxifene treatment; SAH plus 3 days intrathecal raloxifene treatment; and SAH plus 4 days...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE High-attenuation areas (HDAs) called pseudo-subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAHs) may develop in some patients resuscitated from cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA), though no hemorrhage has occurred. We investigated the imaging characteristics and clinical significance of this phenomenon. MATERIALS AND METHODS CT images of consecutive patients resuscitated from nontraumatic CPA wer...

AIM The purpose of this study was to compare the different clinical features, outcome and treatment strategies in patients with perimesencephalic SAH (p-SAH) and diffuse SAH (d-SAH). MATERIAL AND METHODS 83 patients with spontaneous SAH and negative initial cerebral angiography were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS There were 49 patients with p-SAH and 34 with d-SAH. The patients with d-SA...

background : ruptured cerebral aneurysms (icas) are the most common non-traumatic cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah) that is associated with life threatening complications such as vasospasm, infarction, and hydrocephalus (hcp). the active participation of macrophage/monocyte-mediated inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of cerebral aneurysm as labeled with monocyte chemoattractantprote...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We examined the therapeutic effect of human extracellular superoxide dismutase (ECSOD) gene transfer in the prevention of delayed cerebral vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) because it was reported ECSOD relieved early-stage vasospasm. METHODS Twenty mongrel dogs were divided randomly into 4 groups to serve as control, SAH, SAH+adenovirus ECSOD (...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity is decreased after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Simvastatin increases eNOS activity. We hypothesized that simvastatin would increase eNOS protein and ameliorate SAH-induced cerebral vasospasm. METHODS Mice were treated with subcutaneous simvastatin or vehicle for 14 days and then subjected to endovascular perforation o...

Bindarit is a small indazolic derivative which has shown anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects on multiple central nervous system (CNS) injuries. The effects of bindarit on subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are not explored. This study was aimed to research the effects of bindarit on neuroinflammation and early brain injury (EBI) after experimental SAH in rats. Rats were randomly divided in...

Although previous studies indicate that simvastatin can attenuate cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), its effect on the secondary pathophysiological changes after SAH has not been investigated. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that SAH-induced microthrombosis plays important roles in the pathogenesis of delayed cerebral ischemia. To date, however, no study focused on the t...

Acute traumatic brain injury is a worldwide public health crisis. Post-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a finding that is present at a frequency of 40% according to data from American TCDB (1,2). Among the mechanisms that have been implicated as causes of post-traumatic SAH is the cortical bleeding through the subarachnoid space. It is estimated that the incidence of post-traumatic SA...