SUMMARY Etching of sacrificial material is widely used in surface micromachining technology to form integrated micro mechanical structures. The process typically consists of three steps: the removal of sacrificial-layer material using liquid chemicals, rinsing, and removal of the rinse liquid (drying). The last step is known to cause surface sticking and drastic reduction of device yield. This ...

This manuscript describes the use of water-soluble polymers for use as sacrificial layers in surface micromachining. Water-soluble polymers have two attractive characteristics for this application: 1) They can be deposited conveniently by spin-coating, and the solvent removed at a low temperature (95-150 degrees C), and 2) the resulting layer can be dissolved in water; no corrosive reagents or ...

Polymeric multilayer capsules have emerged as a novel drug delivery platform. These capsules are fabricated through layer-by-layer sequential deposition of polymers onto a sacrificial core template followed by the decomposition of this core yielding hollow capsules. The resulting nanometer thin membrane is permselective, allowing diffusion of water and ions but excluding larger molecules. Moreo...

A growing body of research has focused on so-called 'utilitarian' judgments in moral dilemmas in which participants have to choose whether to sacrifice one person in order to save the lives of a greater number. However, the relation between such 'utilitarian' judgments and genuine utilitarian impartial concern for the greater good remains unclear. Across four studies, we investigated the relati...

statement of problem: it is yet unclear whether fiber-reinforced composite posts can enhance the mechanical properties and prevent vertical fractures of teeth under chewing loads. purpose: the purpose of this study was to compare the fracture resistance and failure mode of endodontically treated teeth restored with three different post systems. materials and methods: thirty-six maxillary canine...

by appearance of human societies, the spiritual needs of different individuals and societies to worship the creator and to donate in order to attain the health and to fulfill the wishes had caused them to erect the specific places for offering the sacrificial materials. this article is generally a brief study on the places to donate and offer the sacrificial materials to sacred places regarding...

An experimental study has been conducted on the effectiveness of two types of flow-altering countermeasures placed around a cylindrical pier under clear water condition, which include sacrificial piles and submerged vanes. Their arrangements follow the optimal configurations recommended in the published articles with some modification. The temporal evolution of maximum scour depth and its equil...