BACKGROUND Automatic detection of the 1st (S1) and 2nd (S2) heart sounds is difficult, and existing algorithms are imprecise. We sought to develop a wavelet-based algorithm for the detection of S1 and S2 in children with and without pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). METHOD Heart sounds were recorded at the second left intercostal space and the cardiac apex with a digital stethoscope simu...

We have introduced the weight of a group which has a presentation with number of relations is at most the number of generators. We have shown that the number of facets of any contracted pseudotriangulation of a connected closed 3-manifold M is at least the weight of the fundamental group of M . This lower bound is sharp for the 3-manifolds RP, L(3, 1), L(5, 2), S1 × S1 × S1, S2 × S1, S×− S1 and...

The neuronal mechanisms underlying enhanced perception of tactile stimuli with directed attention were investigated using single unit recordings from primary (S1, n=53) and secondary (S2, n=50) somatosensory cortex in macaque monkeys. Neuronal responses to textures scanned under the digit tips (spatial periods, SP, of 2, 3.7 or 4.7 mm) were recorded while attention was directed either to discri...

The neuronal mechanisms underlying enhanced perception of tactile stimuli with directed attention were investigated using single-unit recordings from primary (S1, n = 53) and secondary (S2, n = 50) somatosensory cortex in macaque monkeys. Neuronal responses to textures scanned under the digit tips (spatial periods, SP, of 2, 3.7 or 4.7 mm) were recorded while attention was directed either to di...

The exposure of human to toxic heavy metal release from plastic container creates a major health hazards. The main objectives of this study was to examine the concentration of toxic heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cr and Cd) in local made food containers purchased from various districts of U.P,(India), at 25±2°C for 24hrs in different simulating solvents as per BIS, IP, USP and other guidelin...

while (1) { with (s1) /* send r to 2d shape */ where (s1mask) pcoord(0)]]0]conn = r; with (s2) where (s2mask) { conn = copy_spread(&conn, 1, 0); /* spread */ conn &= e; /* combine */ reduce(&conn, conn, 0, /* reduce */ CMC_combiner_logior, 0); where (pcoord(0)==0) pcoord(1)]temp = conn; /* return result */ } with (s1) { /* stop if r hasn't changed */ if (&=(temp==r)) break; r = temp; } } CM_tim...

To assess interleukin (IL)-4 effects on calcium signaling, bovine airway smooth-muscle (ASM) cells were loaded with fura-2 and cytosolic calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) was measured in single cells by digital microscopy. Human recombinant IL-4 (50 ng/ml) caused small increases in [Ca(2+)](i). For single cells, carbachol-stimulated calcium transients were compared before (S1) and after (S2) exposure to IL...