We use a simple model [Garofalo, Jensen, and Strait, to be published in Phys. Plasmas] to analyze the systems for feedback stabilization of the resistive wall mode (RWM) in proposed burning plasma experiments. In ITER, the presence of several conducting structures close to the control coils, but far from the plasma, leads to a slow feedback response time compared to the time scale of the RWM gr...

The resistive wall mode (RWM) and neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) have been simultaneously suppressed in the DIII-D for durations over 2 seconds at beta values 20% above the no-wall limit with modest electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) and low plasma rotation. The critical plasma rotation was significantly lower than reported at the IAEA FEC in 2006. However, even in this stabilized regime,...

The stability of the resistive-wall mode (RWM) in DIII-D plasmas above the conventional pressure limit, where toroidal plasma rotation in the order of a few percent of the Alfve n velocity is sufficient to stabilize the n=1 RWM, has been probed using the technique of active MHD spectroscopy at frequencies of a few Hertz. The measured frequency spectrum of the plasma response to externally appli...

Abstract: In this work, μ-synthesis is employed to stabilize a model of the resistive wall mode (RWM) instability in the DIII-D tokamak. The GA/Far-Tech DIII-D RWM model is used to derive a linear state space representation of the mode dynamics. The key term in the model characterizing the magnitude of the instability is the time-varying uncertain parameter cpp, which is related to the RWM grow...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae that are deficient in pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), pneumococcal surface antigen A (PsaA), or pneumolysin (Ply) are less virulent and less likely to penetrate the round window membrane (RWM). DESIGN Histopathologic comparison of wild-type S. pneumoniae and its mutants deficient in PspA, PsaA, and Ply. SETTING Otopat...

Theorem 1 Let M be mistakes of RWM and Mi the mistakes of expert i. Then, RWM satisfies E[M ] ≤ (1 + )Mi + log n/ . Recall that to prove this, we kept weights wt(i) on each expert i, and updated them as wt+1(i) = (1 − mt(i)η)wt(i). Here mt was the mistake vector (outcome). RWM played i with probability pt(i) = wt(i)/Wt, where Wt = ∑ iwt(i). This gives Wt+1 = Wt(1 − ηmt · pt). We then used that ...

Maintaining steady fusion power output at high plasma beta is an important goal for future burning plasmas such as in ITER advanced scenario operation and a fusion nuclear science facility. Research on the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) is investigating stability and control physics to maintain steady high plasma normalized beta with minimal fluctuation. Resistive wall mode (RWM) in...

Local gene transfection is a promising technique for the prevention and/or correction of inner ear diseases, particularly those resulting from genetic defects. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is an ideal viral vector for inner ear gene transfection because of its safety, stability, long-lasting expression, and its high tropism for many different cell types. Recently, a new generation of AAV vector...

In this paper, the potential of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) for carrying single or compound drugs traversing the round window membrane (RWM) was examined after the round window (RW) administration of different NPs to guinea pigs. First, coumarin-6 was incorporated into PLGA NPs as a fluorescent probe to investigate its ability to cross the RWM. Then, PLGA NPs ...

BACKGROUND Sensorineural hearing loss, a subset of all clinical hearing loss, may be correctable through the use of gene therapy. We are testing a delivery system of therapeutics through a 3 cell-layer round window membrane model (RWM model) that may provide an entry of drugs or genes to the inner ear. We designed an in vitro RWM model similar to the RWM (will be referred to throughout the pape...