russian-iranian relations was in the shadow of the iranian nuclear challenge in the ahmadinejad era. investigating in the bilatral relations of iran and russia indicates that these relationships have been mainly influenced by russian interests and desires and not the common interests of the two countries. by adopting a pragmatic approach based on a strategic opportunism in the framework its mac...

the concept of energy security has been changed into one of the key and controversial concepts in international relations and energy economy in the recent years. the literature of this concept has more developed in europe. because, european countries supply their major needs by imports. hence, russia as one of the main energy suppliers of europe :union: uses leveraging energy for closer to euro...

with the collapse of soviet :union:, central asian countries came into independence. the countries were neglected by russia during the first years after their formation. this encouraged other regional and trans-regional powers to interfere in the region and try to maximize their interests. shifting its foreign-policy process, russia kept its eyes on look-east policy and tried to prevent others ...

Iran's relation with one of the largest countries, that is, Russia (The Soviet Union) has under gone many changes. One of the brilliant examples of the changing policies of Russia towards Iran is, no doubt, the years 1941 to 1953. In this period, most of graceful communist parties' rise and fall is making relations between Iran and Russia. Tudeh party, Ferghe Democrate Azerbaijan and Ferghe Dem...

Пакистанские философы инициировали общение с коллегами из СССР до двухстороннего мартовского соглашения 1961 г. по развитию двухсторонних экономических связей, за которым последовало развитие научно-технических и культурных контактов во 2-й половине 60-х гг. За два месяца упомянутого Институтом философии АН было получено приглашение принять участие в работе Пакистанского философского конгресса ...

historically, turkish-russian relations have been cold and distant. during the cold war, the two former rivals viewed each other with hostility. after the fall of the ussr and in the early 1990s, the grounds were paved for the improvement in the bilateral ties. even though the two states have different military and security concerns, they have established closer relations in economic and trade ...

during the past 500 years, iran and russia have experienced many ups and downs in their relations which have been accompanied with enmity and amity. these relations varied from cooperation under the safavids to enmity, war and interventions under the qajar dynasty, then to hostile and sometimes friendly relations under the pahlavi rule, and finally to collaborations within the past two decades ...