providing of food products for increasing population, enhancing food security, increasing of production and foreign incomes are among the major program purposes of each country and monetary policies are one of the methods that immediately affected on food price and on major agriculture variables. time series analysis was used for studying the impacts of monetary policies effect on food price in...

In this paper, the demand for real money M1, M2 and M3 is estimated for Austria. The modelling takes place within the framework of a small vector autoregression. To estimate the demand for money, two-equation error-correction models are constructed, which contain the short-run dynamics and the long-run economic equilibrium. It is found that a stable money demand exists for all monetary aggregat...

We present a micro-founded search-theoretical model of money in which agents are subject to idiosyncratic liquidity shocks as well as aggregate productivity and monetary shocks. Monetary policy has redistributive effects and persistent effects on output and prices: aggregate shocks will propagate and diffuse gradually as the money distribution adjusts over time. The model is used to study the c...

Chapter 12 presents the technical analysis of both expansionary/contractionary fiscal/monetary policy or their policy mix in the framework of Keynesian Theory. As you’ll see in Chapter 13, both Fiscal and Monetary Policies are used to target aggregate expenditure (called aggregate demand when price level is allowed to float)so as to change the equilibrium level of income.Remember, all the concl...

This paper examines the long-term as well as short-term equilibrium relationships between the major stock indices and selected macroeconomic variables (such as money supply and interest rate) of Singapore and the United States by employing the advanced time series analysis techniques that include cointegration, Johansen multivariate cointegrated system, fractional cointegration and Granger caus...

abstract this study uses annual data over the period 2005-2014 and the panel vecm approach to examine financial inclusion and monetary policy effectiveness in africa. the study shows that financial inclusion and monetary policy effectiveness are linked by a set of long-run relationships. policy reaction to the positive financial inclusion shock is not significant. policy reaction to the positiv...