BACKGROUND Ureolytic activity of rumen bacteria leads to rapid urea conversion to ammonia in the rumen of dairy cows, resulting possible toxicity, excessive ammonia excretion to the environment, and poor nitrogen utilization. The present study investigated immunization of dairy cows against urease in the rumen as an approach to mitigate bacterial ureolytic activity therein. RESULTS Most alpha...

The major aim of this study was to compare the morphology and activity of rumen protozoa of Khuzestan water buffalo and Holstein cow using in vitro digestibility and gas production parameters of steam treated sugarcane pith. Rumen fluid obtained from two buffalo and cow steers fed the same diet, 30:70 concentrate: forage. To separate rumen protozoa, antibiotic solution and fungicides were added...

In recent years there has been an increased interest in bacteriocins, primarily among the lactic acid bacteria, as a result of their applications in food preservation. There has been very little research on the occurrence of bacteriocin production among anaerobic bacteria. Recently, we reported a high incidence of bacteriocin-like inhibitory activity in isolates of the rumen anaerobe Butyrivibr...

Vaccination against rumen methanogens offers a practical approach to reduce methane emissions in livestock, particularly ruminants grazing on pasture. Although successful vaccination strategies have been reported for reducing the activity of the rumen-dwelling organism Streptococcus bovis in sheep and S. bovis and Lactobacillus spp. in cattle, earlier approaches using vaccines based on whole me...

One cause of a reduction in the efficiency of feed utilisation in the rumen is the non-specific lysis of bacteria within the rumen and subsequent fermentation of the bacterial protoplasm. Bacteriophages are implicated in this lysis, are obligate pathogens of bacteria and occur in dense populations in the rumen. Large numbers are present (up to lo*’ per millilitre of fluid) in the rumen. These v...

The aim of the present study was to describe age-related changes in anatomic, functional and microbial variables during the rumen development process, as affected by the feeding system (supplemental feeding v. grazing), in goats. Goats were slaughtered at seven time points that were selected to reflect the non-rumination (0, 7 and 14 d), transition (28 and 42 d) and rumination (56 and 70 d) pha...

Proteolytic activity of the bovine rumen microflora was studied with azocasein as the substrate. Approximately 25% of the proteolytic activity of rumen contents was recovered in the strained rumen fluid fraction, and the balance of the activity was associated with the particulate fraction. The proportion of proteinase activity associated with particulate material decreased when the quantity of ...

The aim of this experiment was to investigate rumen fermentation and some blood parameters of dromedary camels fed with C3 and C4 forage. Four fistulated dromedary adult camels were fed with diets as a changeover design, 30 days for each period. The diets included alfalfa hay + wheat straw (C3 forage) and atriplex+ suaeda + seidlitzia (C4 forage). At ...

Intake and excretory patterns, N and mineral balance, rumen fluid characteristics and acid-base status were measured for 15 days in five nonfistulated and six rumen-fistulated wethers. The animals were placed in metabolism crates and fed alfalfa hay from day 1 through 5, a 65% concentrate diet from day 6 through 10 and an 85% concentration diet from days 11 through 15. All diets were pelleted a...

Polan, C. E. (North Carolina State of the University of North Carolina, Raleigh), J. J. McNeill, and S. B. Tove. Biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids by rumen bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 88:1056-1064. 1964.-A simple, rapid, specific assay for the biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids was developed. With this assay, it was shown that washed suspensions of mixed rumen bacteria hydrogenat...