Background: Drilling is one of the most widely used process in orthopaedic surgical operation and the same drill bit is used a number of times in hospitals. Using the same drill bit a several times may be the cause of osteosynthesis and osteonecrosis. Methods: In the present work, the effect of repeated orthopaedic surgical twist drill bit on the tool wear, force, torque, temperature and chip m...

Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm is one of the most well-known reinforcement learning methods. However, this method inefficient and unstable in practical applications. On other hand, bias variance Q estimation target function are sometimes difficult to control. This paper proposes a Regularly Updated (RUD) policy gradient for these problems. theoretically proves that procedur...

Developing a Model for the Integrated Management of Water and Soil Resources in Hableh-Rud River Basin Using System Dynamics Approach

and call a set A provident if it is transitive and closed under all p-rud-rec functions with p a member of A. * If ζ is the least ordinal not in a provident set A, then ζ is indecomposable, that is, that the sum of two ordinals less than ζ is less than ζ. Conversely, if ζ is indecomposable, η > ζ and p ∈ Jζ , then the Jensen set Jη is is closed under all p-rud rec functions; in particular Jζ is...

Investigation of the Effective Factors on Improvement Stakeholders Relationships in Zayandeh-Rud Basin

So far many optimization models based on Nash Bargaining Theory associated with reservoir operation have been developed. Most of them have aimed to provide practical and efficient solutions for water allocation in order to alleviate conflicts among water users. These models can be discussed from two viewpoints: (i) having a discrete nature; and (ii) working on an annual basis. Although discrete...

Background Self-medication refers to the use of medicines to treat self-diagnosed diseases without consulting any healthcare professionals. Irrational drug use and self-medication have serious negative consequences both on health and economy. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the habits related to rational use of drugs (RUD) and to estimate the prevalence of self-medication practice...

Rotary ultrasonic drilling (RUD) has become an effective approach for machining advanced composites which are widely using in the field of aeronautics. The cutting kinematics and corresponding material removal mechanisms distinct different areas during RUD. However, these fundamentals have not been fully considered existing studies. In this research, two forms interaction induced by vibration w...