BACKGROUND Freshwater mussels remain among the most imperiled species in North America due primarily to habitat loss or degradation. Understanding how mussels respond to habitat changes can improve conservation efforts. Mussels deposit rings in their shell in which age and growth information can be read, and thus used to evaluate how mussels respond to changes in habitat. However, discrepancies...

Abstract During the synthesis of ring polymers, mixtures and linear molecules are regularly obtained. Recent experiments simulations have shown that even small fractions can considerable modify shape rings, affecting its rheological response. Here we study blends semiflexible filaments, by using disordered assemblies open closed rubber bands. We analyze structure as a function length bands, com...

We demonstrated a liquid lens whose focal length can be controlled by an actuator. The lens cell is composed of elastic membrane, planar glass plate, a periphery sealing ring, and a liquid with a fixed volume in the lens chamber. Part of the periphery sealing ring is excavated to form a hollow chamber which functions as a reservoir. This hollowed periphery is surrounded by an exterior rubber me...

Fluorescent properties of ICG depends on solvent. Fluorescent characteristics of ICG rubber rings and optimized detection system condition were identified. The fluorescent rubber rings are produced by drying mixture of ICG solution and liquid rubber. LED and laser light sources were used to test differences between them. Other variables are ICG molar concentration (100, 80, 60, 40, 20, 10μM), e...

Due to the increase in working hours, the reliability of rubber O-ring seals used in hydraulic systems of transfer machines will change. While traditional methods can only analyze one of the material properties or seal properties, the failure of the O-ring is caused by these two factors together. In this paper, two factors are mainly analyzed: the degradation of material properties and load ran...

INTRODUCTION S WCE 1958, v a n DESIGNS, MATERIALS, and techniques of insertion have been tested by the authors."' '4s a result of these studies, a caged lens prosthesis has been developed which offers some significant advantages over ball valve prostheses, particularly in the mitral area. Studies with the lenticular valve have been in progrgs since May, 1964, and minor improvements are being in...

The response was assessed subjectively, and by strength of grip and ring size measurements. The strength of grip in each hand was measured in the usual way by squeezing a small rubber bag attached to a sphygmomanometer and taking the average of three observations. Ring sizes were measured over the finger proximal interphalangeal joints using a set of standard jeweller's rings with half sizes. (...