OBJECTIVE To investigate whether multiple sessions of 1-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) facilitates the effect of repetitive facilitation exercises on hemiplegic upper-limb function in chronic stroke patients. DESIGN Randomized double-blinded crossover study. PATIENTS Eighteen patients with hemiplegia of the upper limb. METHODS Patients were assigned to 2 groups: a ...

Introduction: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) modulates the excitability of cortical neural networks. The effect of rTMS on excitability of cortical networks depends on its frequency. According to the previous reports, a distinction is made between low (<1 Hz) and high frequencies of rTMS. Low frequencies of rTMS inhibit seizure but high frequencies increase it. In the curre...

BACKGROUND Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been used to improve cognitive function, but the stimulation protocols are variable and the underlying mechanism is unclear. Therefore, we intend to examine whether 5Hz rTMS with 30% maximum output could improve cognitive functions in senescence-accelerated-prone mouse 8 (SAMP8) through changing synaptic plasticity. METHODS SA...

BACKGROUND Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) allows non-invasive stimulation of the human brain. However, no suitable marker has yet been established to monitor the immediate rTMS effects on cortical areas in children. OBJECTIVE TMS-evoked EEG potentials (TEPs) could present a well-suited marker for real-time monitoring. Monitoring is particularly important in children where...

background and aim: tinnitus is a distressing symptom for which few treatments exist. low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rtms) of the temporal cortex has been proposed as a treatment for chronic tinnitus. this study determined relationship between psychoacoustic parameters such as loudness and frequency of tinnitus and outcome with rtms treatment. methods: twenty six pa...

The clinical benefits of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for Parkinson's disease (PD) remain controversial. We performed a comprehensive study to examine whether rTMS is a safe and effective treatment for PD. Twelve PD patients received rTMS once a week. The crossover study design consisted of 4-week sham rTMS followed by 4-week real rTMS. The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rat...

Tetraoctylammonium cation forms a room-temperature molten salt (RTMS) with 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate anion. The RTMS is immiscible with water (W) and forms a stable RTMS/W interface. It has been shown that the RTMS/W interface can be electrochemically polarized. A well-defined voltammetric wave due to the transfer of thiocyanate ion across the RTMS/W interface was observed within the potential wi...

There has been concern regarding the use of controversial paradigms for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to manage treatment-resistant depression (TRD). This meta-analysis assessed the efficacy of bilateral rTMS compared with unilateral and sham rTMS in patients with TRD. PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, EAGLE and NTIS databases were searched to identify rel...

BACKGROUND Recently, high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) and low-frequency rTMS (LF-rTMS) are reported to improve motor function significantly in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients. However, few studies have investigated the safety and efficacy of these rTMS modalities introduced during the early phase of stroke. The purpose of this study was to clarify the rT...

Introduction. Low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) delivered to the nonlesioned hemisphere has been shown to improve limited function of the paretic upper extremity (UE) following stroke. The outcome measures have largely included clinical assessments with little investigation on changes in kinematics and coordination. To date, there is no study investigating how...