In the past, regional trade arrangements (RTAs) among developing countries have not lived up to the hopes of proponents as vehicles for promoting efficient industrialization. Newer approaches, notably including low tariffs for countries outside the RTA, have more promise. RTAs with developed countries also are more likely to produce favorable results. Therefore, USAID should approach supporting...

The type A behavior pattern (TABP), characterized by impatience, time urgency, and hostility, was originally developed in relation to coronary heart disease. Since 1986, there has been a debate on whether the TABP is also associated with risky driving behaviors leading to increased risks in road traffic accidents (RTAs). The authors examined prospectively the relation among risky driving behavi...

OBJECTIVE Posttraumatic cerebral infarction (CI) is a well-known complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the causation and apportionment of trauma in patients with CI after TBI is not easy. There is a scoring method, so-called trauma apportionment score (TAS) for CI, consisted with the age, the interval, and the severity of the TBI. We evaluated the reliability of this score. M...

The previous literature provides a highly ambiguous picture on the impact of trade and investment agreements on FDI. Most empirical studies ignore the actual content of BITs and RTAs, treating them as "black boxes", despite the diversity of investment provisions constituting the essence of these agreements. We overcome this serious limitation by analyzing the impact of modalities on the admissi...

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are an emerging public health problem. It is estimated that more than 5 million people between 17-40 years of age die annually as a result of RTAs worldwide. Currently, RTA is the tenth leading cause of disease burden in the developing countries, especially in the Sub-Saharan African countries. The objective of the study was to analyze the proportion of...

OBJECTIVES To examine the association between self assessed driving while sleepy and the risk of serious road traffic accidents (RTAs). DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING France. PARTICIPANTS 13 299 of the 19 894 living members of the GAZEL cohort, workers and recent retirees of a French national utility company followed up since 1989. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Frequency of driving wh...

Motorcycle accidents contribute significantly to the number of road traffic accidents (RTAs) in many cities in southern Nigeria. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and pattern of RTAs among commercial motorcyclists in a city in southern Nigeria. A descriptive, cross sectional study was carried out among motorcyclists in 2010 in Ikot Ekpene, Southern Nigeria. The instrument o...

We use evidence from a natural experiment in Greece to study the effect of the announcement of austerity measures on road traffic accidents (RTAs). We use daily RTA data from 2010 and 2011, during which a number of austerity measures were announced, including salary and pension cuts and an increase in direct and indirect taxes. We find that controlling for other factors potentially influencing ...

The well-known question whether regional trade agreements (RTAs) and the multilateral trading system (MTS) are “strangers, friends, or foes” (Bhagwati and Panagariya, 1996) has gained new importance with the widespread proliferation of RTAs in recent years. Based on an extensive data set which covers most of world trade over the past 60 years and about 240 regional trade agreements, we analyze ...