BACKGROUND The ideal aortic valve substitute in young and middle-aged adults remains unknown. We sought to compare the long-term outcomes of patients undergoing the Ross procedure and those receiving a mechanical aortic valve replacement (AVR). METHODS From 1990 to 2014, 258 patients underwent a Ross procedure and 1444 had a mechanical AVR at a single institution. Patients were matched into 2...

Two new ocean tide models for the Ross Sea including the ocean cavity under the Ross Ice Shelf, are described. The optimum model for predicting ice shelf surface height variability is based on assimilation of gravimetry-derived tidal constituents from the Ross Ice Shelf. Synthetic aperture radar interferograms provide an independent test of model performance. The standard deviation of tide heig...

Author Contributions Conception and Design: Shafiq U Ahmed, Ross Carruthers, Anthony J Chalmers Development of methodology: Shafiq U Ahmed, Ross Carruthers, Lesley Gilmour, Salih Yildirim Acquisition of data: Shafiq U Ahmed, Ross Carruthers, Lesley Gilmour Analysis of data: Shafiq U Ahmed, Ross Carruthers, Lesley Gilmour Writing/review of manuscript: Shafiq U Ahmed, Colin Watts, Anthony J Chalm...

PURPOSE To explore the ability of macrophages and microglial cells to phagocytize rod outer segments (ROSs) in a cell culture and characterize the resulting lipofuscin-like autofluorescence (LLAF). METHODS Either regular or modified ROSs or ROS components (11-cis-retinal, all-trans-retinal, lipids) were fed to macrophages and microglial cells for 4 days. Afterwards, autofluorescence was detec...