introduction bladder cancer is the most common malignancy in elderly people and most bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas (tcc). bladder pathology is usually investigated visually by cystoscopy and this technique can represent different conditions ranging from simple inflammation to flat cis. however, biopsies must be taken from the suspected area to obtain diagnostic information. t...

In this paper we review the Receiver Operating Characteristic ROC curve and the test statistic in relation to the analysis of a confusion matrix We then show how these two methods are related and propose an extension to the ROC curve so that it shows contours of values These contours can be used to provide further insight into the appropriate setting of the decision threshold for a particular a...

Declaration This dissertation is submitted to the University of Bristol in accordance with the requirements of the degree of Bachelor of Science in the Faculty of Engineering. It has not been submitted for any other degree or diploma of any examining body. Except where specifically acknowledged, it is all the work of the Author. 3 ABSTRACT Machine Learning applications require learning algorith...

Introduction Classification models and in particular binary classification models are ubiquitous in many branches of science and business. Consider, for example, classification models in bioinformatics that classify catalytic protein structures as being in an active or inactive conformation. As an example from the field of medical informatics we might consider a classification model that, given...