We argue that anti-density zoning increases black residential segregation in U.S. metropolitan areas by reducing the quantity of affordable housing in white jurisdictions. Drawing on census data and local regulation indicators compiled by Pendall, we estimate a series of regression models to measure the effect of maximum density zoning on black segregation. Results estimated using ordinary leas...

The impact of growth management policy through zoning ordinances on land-use and -cover change is a topic of increasing interest, especially with regard to urban sprawl and forest and agricultural land preservation. As urban and residential land use is quickly replacing extractive land use in southern Indiana, implementation of growth management policy has become a topic of great debate. This a...

This paper investigates the impact of spatial zoning restrictions on retail market outcomes. We estimate a structural model of entry, location and format choice across a large number of markets in the presence of zoning restrictions. The paper contributes to the literature in three ways: First, the paper demonstrates that the omission of zoning restrictions in t...

In this paper we present an alternative strategy to define zoning for handwriting recog19 nition, which is based on nonsymmetrical perceptual zoning. The idea is to extract some knowledge from the confusion matrices in order to make the zoning process less 21 empirical. The feature set considered in this work is based on concavities/convexities deficiencies, which are obtained by labeling the b...

This paper investigates the impact of spatial zoning restrictions on retail market outcomes. We estimate a structural model of entry, location and format choice across a large number of markets in the presence of zoning restrictions. The paper contributes to the literature in three ways: First, the paper demonstrates that estimates of factors affecting market potential and competitive intensity...

BACKGROUND In response to traditional zoning codes that contribute to car-dependent sprawling and disconnected neighborhoods, communities are reforming their land use laws to create pedestrian-friendly areas that promote physical activity. One such reform is the adoption of transit-oriented developments or districts (TODs). TODs are higher density, compact, and mixed use areas located around tr...

Protected areas worldwide are facing increasing pressures to co-manage human development and biodiversity conservation. One strategy for managing multiple uses within and around protected areas is zoning, an approach in which spatial boundaries are drawn to distinguish areas with varying degrees of allowable human impacts. However, zoning designations are rarely evaluated for their efficacy usi...

This paper presents a survey on zoning methods for handwritten character recognition. Through the analysis of the relevant literature in the field, the most valuable zoning methods are presented in terms of both topologies and membership functions. Throughout the paper, diverse zoning topologies are presented based on both static and adaptive approaches. Concerning static approaches, uniform an...