We hypothesized that nitric oxide activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) participates in cutaneous vasodilation during whole body heat stress and local skin warming. We examined the effects of the sGC inhibitor, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), on reflex skin blood flow responses to whole body heat stress and on nonreflex responses to increased local skin temperature. Bl...

Background: Ringer lactate has long been used in many surgical procedures as one of the isotonic solutions. However, with the development of Ringer acetate, it becomes the crystalloid of choice owing to its main metabolism in muscles unlike lactate which is mainly in liver, also it corrects acidosis more rapidly than lactate and it needs less 02 and produces less CO2. Ringer acetate has also a ...

background hypotension during spinal anesthesia is common and can lead to severe injuries and even death. administration of crystalloid fluids is advised to prevent occurrence of hypotension; however its effectiveness is still the matter of arguments. objectives this study was designed to compare the effects of ringer`s lactate and hydroxyethyl starch 6% on hemodynamic parameters after spinal a...

INTRODUCTION The turnover of Ringer´s solutions is greatly dependent on the physiological situation, such as the presence of dehydration or anaesthesia. The present study evaluates whether the kinetics is affected by previous infusion of colloid fluid. METHODS Ten male volunteers with a mean age of 22 years underwent three infusion experiments, on separate days and in random order. The experi...

Four pigs initially of 30 kg live weight were surgically prepared with two re-entrant cannulas in the jejunum 1.0 m apart which allowed an isolated loop to be formed through which solutions were perfused. 51Cr-EDTA was used as a marker for measuring net secretion or absorption. A new Ringer solution was made, the ionic content of which resembled more closely that found in the jejunum of pigs gi...

BACKGROUND Spinal anesthesia is an important and commonly used method for surgical anesthetic in operating rooms. However, even with identical drug dosage and administration mode, the extent of drug distribution in vivo is highly variable and difficult to control. Preanesthetic administration of fluids immediately before spinal anesthesia (preload) is normal practice. The choice of fluid type m...

It has been suggested that collecting duct sodium transport was inhibited by extracellular volume expansion. To directly evaluate this possibility, micropuncture of the papillary collecting duct of young rats was performed during hydropenia and Ringer loading. The possibility of heterogeneity of nephron function was evaluated during Ringer and hyperoncotic albumin loading by comparing the deliv...