the majority of coronary artery fistulas (cafs) are congenital. the anomaly accounts for 0.4% of congenital heart defects and approximately 50% of pediatric coronary vasculature anomalies. twenty percent of people with congenital cafs have other concomitant cardiac anomalies, most frequently aortic and pulmonary atresia and patent ductus arteriosus. it is worthy of note that caf with the tetral...

background pulmonary arterial hypertension (pah) is a serious complication of unrepaired congenital left-to-right shunts. the final consequence is right ventricular (rv) systolic dysfunction and reversal of shunt. objectives the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical course and paraclinical findings in a group of patients with pah associated with congenital heart disease (pah-chd). we a...

Introduction: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been suggested to play an important role in the myocardial damage induced by ischemia – reperfusion. One element believed to be activated by ROS and to contribute to the reduction of ROS production, is the uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2). The objective of this investigation was to explore the effect of myocardial ischemia reperfusion on cardiac UC...

today, with emphasis on the mechanical heart and heart transplantation from one human to another andone species to another, a knowledge of the anatomy of the bird’s heart could contribute to theseaccomplishments. eight male adult ostriches were used to study the heart macroscopically. this studyrevealed that the ostrich heart has some different features from the other birds. in the ostrich, fib...

an experiment was conducted in which 30 broiler chickens were selected based on their ecg and designated as healthy or subclinical ascites. subsequently, blood samples were collected and assayed for hemoglobin, hematocrit and differential leukocyte count. finally, all the birds were euthanized and their hearts harvested for the ventricle cuts. results indicated that broilers with subclinical as...