Introduction The thoracic cage is made up of twelve vertebrae, sternum and twelve pairs of ribs. The ribs articulate with the vertebrae posteriorly and with the sternum through the corresponding costal cartilages anteriorly. The spaces between the adjacent ribs are called intercostal spaces. There are 11 intercostal spaces on each side. The intercostal spaces are filled with three layers of int...

the effects of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of rheum ribs l. (rr) of the family polygonaceae was studied on serum cholesterol concentration in rabbits. to induce hypercholesterolemia, 0.5 g/kg/day of pure cholesterol powder was given orally to each rabbit for two weeks then cholesterol was halved and each group of animals was treated with a different regimen for another two weeks. both the et...

introduction: cervical rib is relatively uncommon congenital abnormality that originates from the seventh cervical vertebrae and rarely from the sixth vertebrae. the purpose of this paper is to consider that this abnormal condition is an important cause of neurovascular compression at the thoracic outlet. methods: in this study all patients who were referred to radiology department of isfahan h...

Bifid or bifurcated ribs are a rare anatomical anomaly that accounts for approximately 28% of known rib abnormalities. Bifurcation always occurs at the sternal end of the rib and its two extremities are joined to a bifid costal cartilage. The presence of bifid rib is frequently accompanied by other anomalies, although this does not necessarily imply that it cannot occur as an isolated anomaly. ...

De Troyer A. Respiratory effect of the lower rib displacement produced by the diaphragm. J Appl Physiol 112: 529–534, 2012. First published December 1, 2011; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01067.2011.— The diaphragm acting alone causes a cranial displacement of the lower ribs and a caudal displacement of the upper ribs. The respiratory effect of the lower rib displacement, however, is uncertain. In t...

Congenital abnormalities of the ribs, including slipping or clicking rib, are well recognised but rarely give rise to symptoms. Slipping rib has previously been described as a unilateral condition. We report an unusual case of symptomatic bilateral slipping ribs treated successfully by surgery.

The object of this paper on tumors of the rib is three-fold. First, to point out that many of them are not metastatic, secondly, that primary malignant tumors are not more frequent than benign tumors, and thirdly, to present some exemplary conditions one should consider in the differential diagnosis of rib tumors. The present review covers the contributions on primary rib tumors through 1953 an...

Osteosynthesis surgery for rib fractures is controversial and challenging. This study developed a noval poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-based biodegradable "cable-tie" fixator for osteosynthesis surgery for rib fractures. A biodegradable fixator specifically for fractured ribs was designed and fabricated by a micro-injection molding machine in our laboratory. The fixator has three belts that could b...