Parameterization of turbulent fluxes under stably stratified conditions has always been a challenge. Current surface fluxes calculation schemes either need iterations or suffer low accuracy. In this paper, a non-iterative scheme is proposed to approach the classic iterative computation results using multiple regressions. It can be applied to the full range of roughness status 10≤ z/z0 ≤ 105 and...

To enhance the thermal performance of solar air heaters (SAHs), protrusion ribs on absorber are considered to be an attractive solution due their several advantages. These do not cause a significant pressure drop in SAH duct and help heat transfer flowing air. On other hand, degree roughness rib can produced by pressing indenting device without adding additional mass. In this paper, thermo-hydr...

a seven year-old boy with several painless masses on the ribs and shoulder was referred to our hospital. the masses were so prominent that they prevented the child’s sleep. since the patient had been ridiculed by his friends due to the rib prominences, he had refused to attend school. after clinical and radiological evaluations, the masses were diagnosed as hereditary multiple exostoses of the ...

hemangioma of the rib is a rare benign vascular tumor. herein, we report a 63-year-old man presenting with hemangioma of the left sixth rib. an osteolytic eccentric expansive mass with calcification and focal cortical disruption was detected on chest computed tomography (ct). the mass showed low 2-deoxy-2-[18f]-fluoro-d-glucose (18f-fdg) avidity on positron emission tomography. the patient unde...

We compare measured profiles of upper layer shear and rates of kinetic energy dissipation with the predictions of a one-dimensional turbulence model proposed by Craig and Banner (1994). Their formulation contains an unknown parameter, the "roughness length" z0, which we determine by fitting computed and observed dissipation rates. The resulting model, without further adjustment, is then used to...

This study illustrates the impact of single discrete arc-shaped ribs (SDASR)-type artificial roughness on performance a jet impingement solar thermal collector (JISTC). The parametric variations SDASR Nusselt number (Nusdr), friction factor (fsdr), and thermohydraulic (?sdr) is examined. spacer length (Ssdr) was changed from 0 mm to 300 in stages 100 during experiment. fixed parameters were rel...

Solar air heater is considered to be the most popular and widely used solar thermal system. (SAH) can in many applications, ranging from domestic industrial purposes. However, it seems that viability of SAH not feasible due following two reasons: (i) low convective heat transfer coefficient at absorber plate reason causes a rate flowing air, (ii) high temperature insists on losses, thus, reduci...

An air–sea interaction model that includes turbulent transport due to capillary waves (surface ripples) is developed. The model differs from others in that the physical premises are applicable to low wind speeds (10-m wind speed, U10 , 5 m s21) as well as higher wind speeds. Another new feature of the model is an anisotropic roughness length, which allows a crosswind component of the stress to ...