background: determining of gene frequencies of a, band 0 genes from abo blood group system and d and d genes from rhesus system are objectives of the present study. methods: the study was a cross sectional descriptive study. all the voluntary blood donors, 7361 people, attending to the hamadan, iran, blood bank during 1996 were studied. primary information from the sex of blood donors and their...

BACKGROUND The UK guidelines for the use of anti-D immunoglobulin for rhesus prophylaxis have been revised. Anti-D immunoglobulin is no longer recommended for Rh D negative women after a threatened miscarriage less than 12 weeks gestation. These patients are at risk of rhesus immunisation, and there should be a policy for their treatment in the accident and emergency (A&E) department. DESIGN ...

Aim. To explore whether first-trimester levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPPA) and serum free ß-human chorionic gonadotrophin (free ß-hCG) vary with maternal blood group and rhesus status and to determine their implications for Down syndrome. Methods. Blood samples were collected from all 539 singleton pregnancies undergoing first-trimester screening. Values of maternal serum P...

Background: The ABO blood group system was the first human blood group system to be discovered by Landsteiner in 1900. The second type of blood group is the rhesus system. There are only two Rh phenotype such as Rh positive and Rh negative, depending on whether Rh antigen is present on the red cell or not. The frequency of ABO and Rh phenotypes in different populations has been extensively stud...

Renal ammonia metabolism is a fundamental element of acid-base homeostasis, comprising a major component of both basal and physiologically altered renal net acid excretion. Over the past several years, a fundamental change in our understanding of the mechanisms of renal epithelial cell ammonia transport has occurred, replacing the previous model which was based upon diffusion equilibrium for NH...

BACKGROUND Current estimates of blood group frequencies in Germany were often derived from studies involving less than 12,000 individuals. The frequency of the D category VI was unknown. METHODS ABO. Kell, and Rhesus blood group data of more than 600,000 donors were reviewed. Allele frequencies were derived by the maximum-likelihood method. The frequency of D category VI was determined in mor...

the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis b, hepatitis c, hiv and syphilis infections in blood donors referred to tehran blood transfusion center (tbtc), and determine any association between blood groups and blood- borne infections between the years of 2005 and 2011.this was a retrospective study conducted at tbtc. all of the donor serum samples were screened for hbv...

Many diseases and genetic disorders are associated with ABO and Rh systems of blood antigens. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood groups in District Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan so that the results could be used for further application. A total of 9891 subjects including patients and healthy individual were sampled only belonging to District Rahim Yar Kh...

It has been shown that the Rhesus (Rh) blood group antigens are encoded by two homologous genes: the Rh D gene and the Rh CcEe gene. The Rh CcEe gene encodes different peptides: the Rh C, c, E, and e polypeptides. Only one nucleotide difference has been found between the alleles encoding the Rh E and the Rh e antigen polypeptides. It is a C -+ G transition at nucleotide position 676, which lead...

Description of Procedure or Service Rhesus (Rh) D-negative women who are exposed to RhD-positive red blood cells can develop anti-Rh antibodies, which can cross the placenta and cause fetal anemia. If undiagnosed and untreated, alloimmunization can cause significant perinatal morbidity and mortality. Determining the Rh status of the fetus may guide subsequent management of the pregnancy. The us...