A lunar lander is designed to provide safe, reliable, and continuous access to the lunar surface by the year 2020. The NASA Exploration System Architecture is used to initially define the concept of operations, architecture elements, and overall system requirements. The design evaluates revolutionary concepts and technologies to improve the performance and safety of the lunar lander while minim...

A revolutionary entrepreneur strategically chooses the revolutionary agenda to maximize the likelihood of revolution. Citizens have different preferences and can contribute varying degrees of support. This presents the revolutionary entrepreneur with a tradeoff between extensive and intensive margins of support. We show: (1) Extremists exert a disproportionate influence over the revolutionary a...

Since tectonic and stereotomic theories have neither been used systematically nor dealt with simultaneously for the interpretation of architecture, by explaining the theoretical position of critics and their thoughts, the process of their interaction will be more effective. The main questions asked is it possible to interpret architecture through the interaction of tectonic and stereotomical th...

Multigrid methods are known to be the numerically most efficient algorithms for solving large linear equation systems. Unfortunately a standard implementation runs with a, compared to the theoretical capabilities of modern processors, disappointing processor efficiency. While it is possible to achieve significant speedups with cache blocking techniques in 2D, 3D problems often don’t benefit fro...

The automotive E/E architecture has undergone a paradigm shift in the past century. Particularly, new requirements of automated driving are severely challenging existing architecture, which led to ongoing revolutionary innovation architecture. In this paper, we reviewed evolution and outlined requirements-driven developments. We illustrated state-of-the-art including network topology, standards...

An intimate relationship exists between nuclear architecture and gene activity. Unraveling the fine-scale three-dimensional structure of the genome and its impact on gene regulation is a major goal of current epigenetic research, one with direct implications for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying human phenotypic variation and disease susceptibility. In this context, the novel re...

Microbial biology is undergoing a renaissance, and in this special section we explore bursts of progress in areas ranging from how pathogens invade cells to the origins of life. News reports beginning on this page focus on the extremophiles--unusual microbes that flourish in harsh conditions--while the Articles that follow probe a broad range of topics, including plant-microbe interactions and ...

The role of software architecture has changed. The use of modern software technologies and practices enables turning the focus of system development to the quality aspects of software instead of functional properties. Architecture addresses the quality issues of software and, therefore, it must be developed and documented properly. In particular, there is a need for high level architectural des...