Terms such as retrosternal, substernal, and intrathoracic have been used to define an extension of >50% the thyroid gland beyond thoracic inlet. The reported incidence retrosternal goiters is highly variable, ranging from 1% 45% thyroidectomies in studies with different defining criteria. Forgotten goiter lacks any parenchymatous or vascular connection cervical may represent remnants a partiall...

Thyroid hemiagenesis can be associated with various thyroid pathologies such as papillary thyroid cancer or nodular goiter. However, we did not encounter any publication in the literature in which hemiagenesis could be observed together with retrosternal goiter. In this report, a thyroid hemiagenesis associated with a benign nodular goiter extending retrosternally is reported. A 59-year-old mal...

The management of incidentally detected retrosternal goiter in patients with cardiac disease awaiting open heart surgery is controversial. Here, we present the case of a 79-year-old man; who had coronary artery bypass grafting, aortic valve replacement and thyroidectomy for retrosternal goiter under a single anesthetic. A literature search was conducted to study patient demographics, thyroid sy...

Massive goiter with retrosternal extension may impose additional risk such as difficult intubation, tracheomalacia, and possibility of different incision and approach including sternotomy. We would like to report a case of massive goiter encasing major neck structures and how it was managed.

BACKGROUND The definition of substernal goiter is not uniform and varies among authors. We can define substernal--or retrosternal-goiter a thyroid formation with cervical departure that goes beyond the superior thoracic strait for at least 3 cm and that preserves, generally, the connections between the cervical and thoracic portion, maintaining a direct vascularization supplied by the thyroid a...

Introduction: Retrosternal goiter can cause respiratory distress, dysphagia, compression of great vessels, and even sudden death. Surgery is the only effective treatment. The presence of retrosternal extension is an indication for surgery even in the absence of clinical symptoms as it will continue to grow and cause pressure symptoms eventually. Intra operative and post operative airway managem...

Benign thyroid disorders such as goiter, especially retrosternal, can cause tracheostenosis by extrinsic tracheal compression, which is due to the lack of specific symptoms often misdiagnosed. Tracheomalatia develops as a result to long term tracheal compression and refers to weakness of the trachea characterized by softness of the tracheal cartilage arches and by loss of regular tracheal struc...