in this work, ito/pet (indium tin oxide / polyethylene terephthalate) electrode structure which provides biocompatibility, mechanical stability and flexibility is fabricated. flexible ito/pet implantable electrode array for a retina has been developed. the electrode array is fabricated on a thin pet/ito substrate and is encapsulated using, su-8, an insulating material. pet substrate and su-8 po...

This paper presents a novel sensing configuration for retinal physiology analysis, using two microelectrode arrays (MEAs). In order to investigate an optimized stimulation protocol for a sub-retinal prosthesis, retinal photoreceptor cells are stimulated, and the response of retinal ganglion cells is recorded in an in vitro environment. For photoreceptor cell stimulation, a polyimide-substrate M...

This paper addresses the latest advancements in the application of computational electromagnetics and smart telemetry systems to the development of a retinal prosthesis to restore the sight in the blind. Numerical methods and models have been developed to a) accurately characterize the thermal increase in the human head and eye associated with the operation of the retinal prosthesis, b) determi...

PUNDI, BHARATRAM SATYANARAYANAN. Class-E Power Amplifier Design and Back-Telemetry Communication for Retinal Prosthesis. (Under the direction of Wentai Liu.) This thesis discusses the power link in the retinal prosthesis project that aims to provide vision to the profoundly blind. Clinical experiments have confirmed that electrical stimulation can be used to duplicate the action of photorecepto...

OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) issues (magnetic field interactions, heating, artifacts and functional alterations) at 1.5 T and 3 T for the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis (Second Sight Medical Products, Sylmar, CA, USA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Standardized protocols were used to assess magnetic field interactions (translational attraction and torque; 3 T,...

INTRODUCTION Using artificial means to treat extreme vision impairment has come closer to reality during the past few decades. The goal of this research has been to create an implantable medical device that provides useful vision for those patients who are left with no alternatives. Analogous to the cochlear implants for some forms of hearing loss, these devices could restore useful vision by c...

Human adults with normal vision can combine visual landmark and non-visual self-motion cues to improve their navigational precision. Here we asked whether blind individuals treated with a retinal prosthesis could also benefit from using the resultant new visual signal together with non-visual information when navigating. Four patients (blind for 15-52 years) implanted with the Argus II retinal ...

A retinal prosthesis is being developed for the restoration of vision in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Determining optimal electrical stimulation parameters for the prosthesis is one of the most important elements for the development of a viable retinal prosthesis. Here, we investigated the effects of different charge-balanced biphasic pulse...