This paper intends to present an approach the problem of optimal cross-section topology a retaining wall. We use Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) method solve this problem. An isotropic solid is divided into n quadrilateral finite elements, and each such element e associated design variable xe which might be regarded as material density. The notion virtual Young's modulus intro...

Based on shear strength reduction finite element method, stability of retaining wall with relieving plate has been analyzed. Due to the structure character of retaining wall with relieving plate, it can be found that fracture surface could hardly cross the triangle area of between lower wall and soleplate, between upper wall and relieving plate, so the second fractured surface occurred at there...

with the growing population and density in metropolitan areas, higher tendency to live in high-rise buildings, and increasing demand for parking lots, it seems necessary to excavate soil to construct underground spaces. during excavation work, as the height of the wall increases, special care should be taken to the wall stabilization to avoid any consequent damage including extensive property d...

The design of retaining walls depends on the magnitude of active pressure exerted from the backfill. Therefore, estimating the scale of this pressure is a fundamental factor in the design. In this study, to assess the active earth pressure, a rigid retaining wall was built capable of translating and/or rotating with adjustable speed. Further, several physical tests were conducte...

abstract the prediction of active earth pressures is essential to the design of retaining walls in case of reinforced and unreinforced soils. in this study, a new analytical method is presented to determine the coefficient of earth pressure. the horizontal slice method is used to compute the active earth pressure behind a rigid retaining wall in consideration of the granular soils. to verify th...

In this paper, the problem of a retaining wall under active translation mode is investigated numerically. To this end, a series of numerical models is conducted using the discrete element code, PFC2D. The backfill soil is simulated by an assembly of separate cohesionless circular particles. Backfill soil was prepared by pouring soil particles from a specific height under gravity force and givin...

in this study, stability of geosynthetic reinforced soil retaining walls investigated using plaxis code that is based on finite element method. the effects of axial stiffness, length and vertical space between geosynthetic layers, internal friction angle of soil wall and cohesion of foundation on deformations of wall and maximum axial force of geosynthetic have been investigated. results of ana...