..............................................................................................................................xiv Introduction ............................................................................................................................1 What is Nephrotic Syndrome? .............................................................................................1 Patho...

Background It is important to find a predictor for the course of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome for better planning of treatment. Renal cortical echogenicity in ultrasonography has been postulated as a marker for the course of renal disease. The present study aimed at evaluating the relationship between renal cortical echogenicity and the course...

BACKGROUND A recent randomized control trial in children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome revealed that two doses of rituximab did not reduce proteinuria. CASE CHARACTERISTICS A 14-month-old boy developed refractory steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. OBSERVATION The patient achieved complete remission 11 months after disease onset follow...

A 68-year-old woman was referred to Lipid Clinic with sudden deterioration of previously well-controlled primary hyperlipidaemia. Investigations revealed nephrotic range proteinuria, leading to urgent renal biopsy and a diagnosis of amyloidosis. Chemotherapy was successful in stabilising renal function, reducing proteinuria and eliminating serum paraprotein. The resistant hyperlipidaemia subseq...

Nephrotic syndrome is one of the most common kidney pathologies in childhood, being characterized by proteinuria, edema, and hypoalbuminemia. In clinical practice, it is divided into two categories based on the response to steroid therapy: steroid-sensitive and steroid resistant. Inherited impairments of proteins located in the glomerular filtration barrier have been identified as important cau...

Congenital nephrotic syndrome is present at birth or appears during the first three months of life and infantile nephrotic syndrome during the first year. Finnish type congenital nephrotic syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease. Nephrotic syndrome is present at birth, severe and does not respond to therapy. Infectious and nutritional complications are frequent. Renal function deteriorates n...

Some cases of nephrotic syndrome in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) are associated with a circulating factor, the FSGS permeability factor (FSPF). Galactose has a high affinity for FSPF, and experimental data suggest that it could reduce its activity. We describe the case of a 48-year-old male with a nephrotic syndrome found to be resistant to corticosteroids, immunosuppression an...

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, characterized by altered permselectivity of the glomerular filter, is a common chronic renal disorder in children. Most patients are steroid sensitive and respond to therapy with remission of proteinuria (steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome). Revised Guidelines for treatment of these patients were published recently(1). Approximately 10-20% children with nephroti...

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, characterized by altered permselectivity of the glomerular filter, is a common chronic renal disorder in children. Most patients are steroid sensitive and respond to therapy with remission of proteinuria (steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome). Revised Guidelines for treatment of these patients were published recently(1). Approximately 10-20% children with nephroti...