Weedy plant species that have evolved resistance to herbicides due to enhanced metabolic capacity to detoxify herbicides (metabolic resistance) are a major issue. Metabolic herbicide resistance in weedy plant species first became evident in the 1980s in Australia (in Lolium rigidum) and the United Kingdom (in Alopecurus myosuroides) and is now increasingly recognized in several crop-weed specie...

The susceptibility to Terbacil of six randomly selected strawberry cultivars (‘Aromas’, ‘Chambly’, ‘Harmonie’, ‘Kent’, ‘La Clé des Champs’ and ‘Seascape’) was analysed using chlorophyll florescence (CF) in comparison with visual observation, in an attempt to develop a method for use in a breeding programme to select herbicide-resistant strawberry lines. Terbacil was applied at one of five rates...

The interaction between environment and genetic traits under selection is the basis of evolution. In this study, we have investigated the genetic basis of herbicide resistance in a highly characterized initially herbicide-susceptible Lolium rigidum population recurrently selected with low (below recommended label) doses of the herbicide diclofop-methyl. We report the variability in herbicide re...

To study the long-term usefulness of genetically-modified agriculture via herbicide-tolerant crops, a simulation model is built by focusing on the fundamental environmental feedback mechanisms. The most critical mechanism is the evolution of resistance in weeds via natural selection. Agricultural sustainability is investigated under different policies and scenarios, in comparison with conventio...

Pests and weeds can develop resistance to pesticides and herbicides soon after they are introduced. This is demonstrated by early reports of insecticide resistance (Melander, 1914) and herbicide resistance (Ryan, 1970). In some cases the first observations of resistance to a particular herbicide have occurred around the same time as its local commercial release (e.g., Heap & Knight, 1990). In o...

Herbicide resistant weeds are becoming increasingly common, threatening global food security. Here, we present BrIFAR: a new model system for the functional study of mechanisms of herbicide resistance in grass weeds. We have developed a large collection of Brachypodium accessions, the BrI collection, representing a wide range of habitats. Wide screening of the responses of the accessions to fou...

the susceptibility to terbacil of six randomly selected strawberry cultivars (‘aromas’, ‘chambly’, ‘harmonie’, ‘kent’, ‘la clé des champs’ and ‘seascape’) was analysed using chlorophyll florescence (cf) in comparison with visual observation, in an attempt to develop a method for use in a breeding programme to select herbicide-resistant strawberry lines. terbacil was applied at one of five rates...

BACKGROUND When applied at the correct plant stage and dose, herbicides are highly toxic to plants. At reduced, low herbicide doses (below the recommended dose) plants can survive and display continuous and quantitative variation in dose-survival responses. Recurrent (directional) selection studies can reveal whether such a phenotypic variation in plant survival response to low herbicide dose i...