animal models for h.pylori infection have been developed to clarify the pathogenesis, testing new therapies and developing vaccines against human h.pylori infection. although rats have been used extensively for gastric ulceration and acid secretion studies, the animal is not normally infected with h.pylori.several chemicals such as ethanol and ammonium hydroxide can induce gastric erosion and i...

The chromosomal multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) locus of Escherichia coli and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae controls resistance to multiple, structurally unrelated compounds including antibiotics, household disinfectants, organic solvents and other toxic chemicals. The Mar phenotype is induced following exposure to a variety of chemicals with aromatic rings.

many parasitic helminthes of veterinary importance have genetic features that favor development of anthelmintic resistance, this becoming a major worldwide constrain in livestock production. the de-velopment of anthelmintic resistance poses a large threat to future production and welfare of grazing animals. development of variable degrees of resistance among different species of gastrointestina...