The Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) processes great application potential in In-Wheel Motor (IWM) electric vehicles (EV). However the problem of vibration and noise is always a disadvantage of this kind of motor. By utilizing the analytical Fourier fitting method, a convenience method for modeling In-Wheel Switched Reluctance Motor (IW SRM) is proposed for EV applications. And the negative vibr...

Isometric force after active stretch of muscles is higher than the purely isometric force at the corresponding length. This property is termed residual force enhancement. Active force in skeletal muscle depends on calcium attachment characteristics to the regulatory proteins. Passive force has been shown to influence calcium attachment characteristics, specifically the sarcomere length dependen...

WHEN SKELETAL MUSCLE IS STRETCHED while activated, force increases significantly. After the end of the stretch, force decays rapidly and reaches steady state. This steady-state force is higher than the force produced at the corresponding length during purely isometric contractions. This increase in force observed after the stretch, referred to as steady-state force or residual force enhancement...

We propose a general framework for approximating the potential of mean force (PMF) along a reaction coordinate in conformational space. This framework, based on the method of weighted residuals, can be viewed as a generalization of thermodynamic integration and direct histogram methods. Using weighted residuals allows for higher-order approximations to the PMF in the form of a global spectral m...

a new method for determination of residual stresses in the bottom layers of laminated composites is developed. in this method the residual stresses are determined by performing a consecutive drilling of laminated composites in the center of the rosette and recording the strains after drilling each layer. the depth of the hole in each step is equal to the thickness of each layer and the maximum ...

TiN films were prepared by the Cathodic arc evaporation deposition method under different negative substrate bias. AFM image analyses show that the growth mode of biased coatings changes from 3D island to lateral when the negative bias potential is increased. Nanohardness of the thin films was measured by nanoindentation, and residual stress was determined using Grazing incidence X ray diffract...

The interaction of actin and myosin through cross-bridges explains much of muscle behavior. However, some properties of muscle, such as residual force enhancement, cannot be explained by current cross-bridge models. There is ongoing debate whether conceptual cross-bridge models, as pioneered by Huxley (A.F. Huxley, Muscle structure and theories of contraction, Prog. Biophys. Biophys. Chem. 7 (1...

in this study, a new method for joining aluminum tubes in subsurface structures using steel converting and aluminum welding are presented and reviewed. but near the weld area is under high thermal cycle and will cause residual stresses in heat affected zone. therefore for assessment of proposed connection from the perspective of residual stress by using the finite element method welding of tube...

this research investigates the effect of the post-cure time on the residual stresses in laminated composites. laminated composites were made of t300 carbon fibers and epoxy resin. the post-cure process was carried out at the constant temperature of 120 °c for 6 and 12 hours for two specimens. the slitting method was employed to determine through-thickness residual stress distribution of the com...