purpose: the rural areas of iran have faced many challenges during 1990s and 2000s due to the failure of development programs, persistent draughts, vulnerability of rural economics and their consequences, including lack of employment opportunities and increasing migrations to urban districts. therefore it is necessary to identify the potentials of indigenous knowledge, its prospects and challen...

introduction there is a wide transformation achieving to sustainable development terms. sustainable development is not a new concept but it shows the process of transformation of social, economic and natural systems. at the end of 1987s a new paradigm, called sustainability, concluded that scientific evidence demonstrated rapid destruction of air, water, species of flora and fauna, deserts, for...

this study examined barriers of sustainable rural development from perspective of experts in department of rural development in razi university, institute of rural research & development, and organization of rural cooperatives in kermanshah (n=42).the sample size was estimated by population census. the main research instrument for data collection was pre-tested questionnaire. validityof que...

Introduction A review of studies in developing countries shows that economic programs in developing countries to achieve sustainable livelihoods and economic issues have failed to reduce poverty and a sustainable economy in rural areas. Therefore, today, one of the biggest challenges of planning rural communities and undermining the poverty in developing countries is providing livelihood. A a...

The gathering of rural type in Guilan plains is a kind of planning for physical development of rural settlements that aims at changing dwellers' lifestyle from a dispersed to a semi-dispersed state. This change will reduce the problems and difficulties of villages. In addition, it is an optimal way to exploit the resources and facilities for making a desirable spatial organization for villagers...

friedman and weitz are among the theorists of the rohout school who propose models such as rural-urban development within the framework of comprehensive rural development schemes; consider rural development beyond urban development and perceive national development as dependent on rural development. in this regard, sustainable human development as a step beyond sustainable development is accept...

sustainable and continuous development of each country is depended to sustainable of agricultural system . therefore achieving sustainable agricultural system is one of the important policies of each country agriculture section . the sustainability of agricultural system depends on many factors . the knowledge of these factors can play an important role in compiling the policies and strategies ...

introduction sustainability assessment has become an important tool to aid in the shift towards sustainability. however, this is a new and evolving concept and there are very few examples of effective sustainability assessment processes implemented throughout in the world. the concept of sustainable development can be a state of balance between different aspects of development that aims to disp...