established mentalities took a long time. Today the result of this system can be Figure 1: Museu da Republics seen in www.republicaonline.org.br/

HE QUESTION of Australia becoming a republic has sparked intense and often impassioned debate. This debate revolves around whether such change is necessary or important, and extends to what this symbolic change would entail in practice. The role of an Australian President as Head of State is an essential element of such discourse. It is vital that debate over a desirable role for the President ...

Abstract In the early nineteenth century, gradual transformation of Spain's former American territories into new independent republics required redefining their political and economic frameworks. This process demanded reforms, policies, institutional changes based on ideas Enlightenment liberalism that fueled a transatlantic flow from Europe to republics. article examines crucial contribution S...

Under the Soviet-based system, countries in Central and Eastern Europe were among those with the most equal distributions of income in the world. A greater income inequality was therefore an expected outcome of a transition to a market economy. After 5-7 years of observations on the transition, two models of the process have emerged within the former Soviet bloc: one in Russia and other newly i...

the fall of soviet :union: and independence of republics of central asia as well as south caucasus have brought both chances and challenges for iran. at first it seemed that muslim republics, which broke from soviet :union:, might have brought great chances for iran to promote her ideological claims and economic interests. dreams of islamic revolution in new independent central asian republics ...

This text was originally published as a prologue for the new edition of Rafael Conte and José M. Capmany, Guerra de razas. Negros contra blancos en Cuba Leiden: Bokeh 2019, reproduced by La Tizza on July 20, 2020: https://medium.com/la-tiza/dos-rep%C3%BAblicas-en-conflicto-un pr%C3%B3logo-a-guerra-de-razas-b3823d279988. It is printed here with permission first time that we are aware in English ...

In this paper we propose a critical reading of Sicart’s concept of political play, and we suggest an alternative framework that expands his work. We will apply Chantal Mouffe’s political theory to the core ideas in Play Matters, with the purpose of focusing and further developing the understanding of the political in the play activity.

The essence of the phenomenon «environmental terrorism» is investigated. Environmental terrorism a specific deliberate action aimed indirectly, through environment, to deterioration its quality characteristics, which creates threat human security and environment itself. It shown that domestic environmental has now found application as an instrument civil war. In confrontation with republics, Uk...