Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide and acaracide used to control a broad range of insect and arthropod pests on a wide variety of crops in many agrosystems. It can cause acute and chronic toxicity. Endosulfan is a neurotoxin, haematoxin, genotoxin and nephrotoxin. Toxicity of this insecticide on reproductive organs is confirmed. So this article reviews experimental and epidemiological ...

acrylamide (aa) is an important industrial chemical agent that is mainly used in the production of polymers and copolymers. recently it has been attention because of its production in the diet at high-temperature (>120 ºc) processes such as cooking, frying, toasting, roasting or baking of high carbohydrate foods. according to high exposure to acrylamide, recognition of its toxic effect is neces...

Acrylamide (AA) is an important industrial chemical agent that is mainly used in the production of polymers and copolymers. Recently it has been attention because of its production in the diet at high-temperature (>120 ºC) processes such as cooking, frying, toasting, roasting or baking of high carbohydrate foods. According to high exposure to acrylamide, recognition of its toxic effect is ...

Most of the currently used toxicity assays for environmental chemicals use acute or chronic systemic or reproductive toxicity endpoints rather than neurobehavioral endpoints. In addition, the current standard approaches to assess reproductive toxicity are time-consuming. Therefore, with increasing numbers of chemicals being developed with potentially harmful neurobehavioral effects in higher ve...

Bisphenol A (BPA) occurs widely in natural waters with both traditional and reproductive toxicity to various aquatic species. The water quality criteria (WQC), however, have not been established in China, which hinders the ecological risk assessment for the pollutant. This study therefore aims to derive the water quality criteria for BPA based on both acute and chronic toxicity endpoints and to...

Development of approaches to risk assessment for reproductive toxicity has aided in the critical evaluation of the scientific basis for interpretation of data and the description of assumptions underlying the process. In addition, it has helped to standardize, to the extent possible, the use of qualitative and quantitative data in the hazard identification and dose-response processes and to ide...

The National Institute ofHealth Sciences (NIHS) and 18 pharmaceutical companies of the Japan Pharrnaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA) have conducted a validation study intended to evaluate whether a 2-week repeated general toxicity period with histopathological examination is suencient to detect ovarian toxicity or not. The current repeated dose general toxicity study is considered to b...

Globally Harmonized System defines Reproductive Toxicity as “an adverse effects (of chemicals) on sexual function and fertility in adult males and females, as well as developmental toxicity in the offspring.” Several toxicity assessment studies have been performed taking into account the action of toxicants on reproductive activity. Testis is the main organ of male reproductive system and sperm...