Vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) is a promising technique for removal of excess nutrients and certain pollutants from wastewaters. The aim of this study was to develop a STELLA (structural thinking, experiential learning laboratory with animation) model for estimating phosphorus (P) removal in an artificial VFCW (i.e., a substrate column with six zones) grown with umbrella papyrus (Cype...

PURPOSE To report a corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) mushroom shape demarcation line profile after limited Bowman's membrane removal by phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK). METHODS Case report. RESULTS A twenty-one-year-old male with progressive keratoconus underwent mechanical epithelial debridement (at an 8.5 mm zone) followed by PTK (at a 5.0 mm zone and in a 10 μm depth) and CXL. No ...

The marginal zone of the chick embryo has been shown to play an important role in the formation of the hypoblast and of the primitive streak. In this study, time-lapse filming, fate mapping, ablation and transplantation experiments were combined to study its contribution to these structures. It was found that the deep (endodermal) portion of the posterior marginal zone contributes to the hypobl...

The long-term performance of a bioaugmented membrane bioreactor (MBR) containing a GAC-packed anaerobic zone for treatment of textile wastewater containing structurally different azo dyes was observed. A unique feeding strategy, consistent with the mode of evolution of separate waste streams in textile plants, was adopted to make the best use of the GAC-zone for dye removal. Dye was introduced ...

Endochondral bone formation in vertebrates requires precise coordination between proliferation and differentiation of the participating chondrocytes. We examined the role of perichondrium in this process using an organ culture system of chicken embryonic tibiotarsi. A monoclonal antibody against chicken collagen type X, specifically expressed by hypertrophic chondrocytes, was utilized to monito...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In clinical practice, achieved lengthening of a callotasis zone should be maintained after the external fixator has been removed. The common understanding has been that the regenerated bone may subside. To investigate this, we used high-resolution radiostereometric analysis (RSA) with accurate measurement of the lengthening zone. PATIENTS AND METHODS We assessed the lon...

The superior colliculus is organized into a superficial zone which is directly connected with other parts of the visual system and a deep zone which is not directly connected toith other visual centers. Within the superficial zone, there is a convergence of retinal and visual cortical afferents. The size, distribution, and synoptic patterns formed varies between animals. Removal of an eye in ne...

the used activated carbon was derived from pine-cone and was used for the removal of acid black 1(ab1) and acid blue 113(ab113) dyes. a batch sorption study was carried out in order to obtain optimum isotherm model. the study showed the best fit of the adsorption isotherm data was obtained using the langmuir model for both dyes. the monolayer maximum saturation capacities of ab1 and ab113 dyes ...