Throughout history, nature has exposed humans to destructive phenomena such as earthquakes, floods, droughts, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, and tropical and marine storms. The large scale of damages and casualties caused by natural disasters around the world has led to extensive applied research in the field of preparation and development of a comprehensive system for disaster management to mi...

Relief operations and planning to implement them are essential due the unpredictability of natural disaster occurrences their concomitant damages. The Crisis Disaster Management Organization’s responsibility is execute plans, coordinate, control relief, rescue reduce impacts consequences these disasters. Thus, this organization should attend struck regions’ needs with maximum power as soon poss...

Abstract In this paper, Markov chain and dynamic programming were used to represent a suitable pattern for tax relief and tax evasion decrease based on tax earnings in Iran from 2005 to 2009. Results, by applying this model, showed that tax evasion were 6714 billion Rials**. With 4% relief to tax payers and by calculating present value of the received tax, it was reduced to 3108 billion Rials. ...

Due to the increasing amount of natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods and unnatural disasters such as war and terrorist attacks, Humanitarian Relief Chain (HRC) is taken into consideration of most countries. Besides, this paper aims to contribute humanitarian relief chains under uncertainty. In this paper, we address a humanitarian logistics network design problem including local dis...

The blood supply chain as a part of healthcare systems play a substantial role in health improvement within societies, and blood supply for daily needs and especially in disasters is the challenges requiring more attention. This paper presents a fuzzy-stochastic mixed integer linear programming model to design blood supply chain network for disaster relief. To deal with the uncertainty in model...

As the number of natural disasters and their impacts increase across the globe, the need for effective preparedness against such events becomes more vital. In this paper, we construct a supply chain network optimization model for a disaster relief organization in charge of obtaining, storing, transporting, and distributing relief goods to certain disasterprone regions. Our system-optimization a...

Governmental organizations play a major role in disaster relief operations. Supply chains set up to respond to disasters differ dramatically in many dimensions that affect the cost of relief efforts. One factor that has been described recently is self-sustainment, which occurs when supplies consumed by intermediate stages of a supply chain must be provided via the chain itself because they are ...

We have studied light-induced birefringence (LIB) and surface relief grating (SRG) formation in the series of methylacrylate polymers. The effect of material structure such as length of photochromic side chain, glass transition temperature and molecular structure of azo units on LIB and SRG are studied. The optical formation of self-induced SRG on films of these materials is also presented.