Existing reification techniques for Java only allow for inspection and manipulation of Java programs on the class, object and method level, but not at the level of individual program points. In this paper we introduce a reification technique of program points based on source-tosource transformations. Our reification method allows for the association of arbitrary meta-information with program po...

In this study, an extension of Klahr and Nigam (2004), we tested 177 middle school students’ on their acquisition of the control of variables strategy (CVS) using an interactive virtual ramp environment. We compared the effectiveness of three pedagogical approaches, namely, direct instruction with reification, direct instruction without reification, and discovery learning, all of which were aut...

We compare three learning conditions on 57 middle school students’ shortand long-term retention at applying the control of variables strategy. Collapsing over time, direct instruction with reification yielded more robust learning than either direct instruction without reification or discovery learning conditions as measured by skill at constructing unconfounded experiments.

The advantage of the RDF/DAML+OIL family of languages over ordinary XML is that it is topic-neutral and composable. However, its expressivity is severely limited. This limitation is well known, and the usual remedy is reification, in which RDF is used to describe formulas in a richer language. We propose a method for encoding typed predicate calculus using reification, which handles bound varia...

ion, reification and the ideology