The current study proposed that empathy may indirectly play a protective role for adolescents in drug use behaviors and that this relationship will be mediated by self-regulatory strategies found in drug refusal efficacy. We predict that empathy will be linked to prosocial behavior and aggression, though we do not believe that they will mediate the relationship between empathy and drug use. The...

OBJECTIVE To present food refusal in old age as a means of attempting to control the outcome of intergenerational family conflicts. METHOD Two cases are described. RESULTS Food refusal does not necessarily arise in the context of a classical eating disorder but may represent a form of protest, or hunger strike. DISCUSSION Food refusal is seen as distinct from a pure anorectic pattern of b...

Objective: To examine the association between anxious school refusal and truancy and psychiatric disorders in a community sample of children and adolescents using a descriptive rather than etiological definition of school refusal. Method: Data from eight annual waves of structured psychiatric interviews with 9to 16-year-olds and their parents from the Great Smoky Mountains Study were analyzed. ...

The prevalence of drinking behavior and sex differences were examined. A possible relationship between drinking behavior and drinking refusal self-efficacy (DRSE) also was investigated among a convenience sample of 582 Korean college students (309 men, 273 women). A drinking habit scale (from AUDIT-K) and drinking refusal self-efficacy questionnaire (DRSEQ-R) were administered. Results indicate...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of an intervention targeting parental behavior on stool toileting refusal. METHODS This study population comprised 406 children aged 17 through 19 months from a single suburban private practice. Children were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 2 written toilet-training instructions. Both groups were advised to use a child-oriented approach to toilet training. I...

School refusal is a problem that is stressful for children, families, and school personnel. Failing to attend school has significant short- and long-term effects on children's social, emotional, and educational development. School refusal often is associated with comorbid psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression. It is important to identify problems early and provide appropriate int...

AIMS To test the relative contribution of two key Social Learning Theory constructs, alcohol expectancies (AEs) and drinking refusal self-efficacy (DRSE), in predicting early adolescent drinking behavior and examine the possible mediational role of DRSE over AE. METHODS High school students (N = 192, mean age 14) were administered measures assessing AE (Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire--Adol...