Recent data suggest that a large number of people are blind in different parts of the world due to high refractive error because they are not using appropriate refractive correction. Refractive error as a cause of blindness has been recognized only recently with the increasing use of presenting visual acuity for defining blindness. In addition to blindness due to naturally occurring high refrac...

PURPOSE To determine whether types of optical correction for refractive error are associated with sex, social class, and occupational group in the working population. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out among employees in Catalonia (Spain) aged 16 to 65 years who underwent the Asepeyo Prevention Society health examination in 2009 (86,831 participants: 59,397 men and 27,421 women)....

Small refractive errors present a group of specifc far-sighted refractive dispositions that are compensated by enhanced accommodative exertion and aren't exhibited by loss of the visual acuity. This paper should answer a few questions about their correction, flowing from theoretical presumptions and expectations of this dilemma. The main goal of this research was to (dis)confirm the hypothesis ...

BACKGROUND The USee device is a new self-refraction tool that allows users to determine their own refractive error. We evaluated the ease of use of USee in adults, and compared the refractive error correction achieved with USee to clinical manifest refraction. METHODS Sixty adults with uncorrected visual acuity <20/30 and spherical equivalent between -6.00 and +6.00 diopters completed manifes...

PURPOSE To assess the impact of refractive surgery on quality of life using the National Eye Institute Refractive Error Quality of Life instrument (NEI-RQL) and to evaluate the responsiveness of our Portuguese version of the NEI-RQL instrument to surgical correction of refractive error. METHODS In this prospective study, the NEI-RQL, a 42-item questionnaire with 13 scales, was self-administer...

BACKGROUND The study is a retrospective review of the pattern of refractive errors in presbyopic patients seen in the eye clinic from January to December, 2009. PATIENTS AND METHODS The clinic refraction register was used to retrieve the case folders of all patients refracted during the review period. Information extracted includes patient's age, sex, and types of refractive error. Unaided an...

PURPOSE The development of emmetropic refraction is known to be under visual control. Does partial spectacle correction of infants' refractive errors, which has been shown to have beneficial effects in reducing strabismus and amblyopia, impede emmetropization? The purpose of the present study was to perform the first longitudinal controlled trial to investigate this question in human subjects. ...

PURPOSE Uncorrected refractive error is recognized as the principal cause of visual impairment in school-aged children. Although correction of refractive error is easy, safe, and effective, many children are without the necessary spectacles. Empiric research on barriers to refractive correction remains limited, precluding the formulation of effective remedial actions. The aims of this study wer...

BACKGROUND Refractive error is an important cause of preventable visual impairment and blindness worldwide. Population-based studies will continue to be a key part in identification ofthe magnitude and the importance of this common eye disease. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of the refractive error in primary school-aged children in Bangkok and Nakhonpathom together with the provision of ...