Nowadays, in highly competitive global markets and constant pressure to reduce total costs, enterprises consider group technology and Supply Chain Management (SCM) accordingly and usually separately as the key elements for intra and inter facilities improvement. Simultaneous consideration of the elements of these two disciplines in an integrated design can result in higher efficiency and ...

workers who carry out manual rebar tying tasks are exposed to muscular-skeletal injuries associated with the use of manual tools and the movements associated with them (force, repetitiveness and awkward wrist postures). this paper presents a background on musculoskeletal injuries directly linked to manual and mechanical rebar tying method is conducted. the objective of this study is to compare ...

Abstract Background Ethanol biorefineries need to lower their overall production costs become economically feasible. Two strategies achieve this are reduce using cheaper feedstocks or increase the ethanol yield. Low-cost usually have high non-structural components (NSC) content; therefore, a new process is necessary accommodate these and overcome negative effects of NSC. This study developed no...

a long-term rotation experiment was established in 2001 to compare conservation or reduced tillage systems (shallow rototiller and chisel tillage) with conventional tillage system using mouldboard plough in a semi-arid region with mediterranean climate. field experiments were conducted to determine weed density and profitability of cropping systems in a crop rotation of winter wheat (triticum a...

In designing for ship production, the production method should be considered and it’s possible to reduce the manufacturing cost in designing procedure. A review of background of ship design that had minimized production costs, shows the principles and problems of these methods. Modern designing methods for manufacturing, considers hydrodynamic efficiency and less manufacturing cost. Quant...

Production planning and inventory control efforts are known as the driving engines of manufacturing systems. The manufacturers, competing to survive in these days’ competitive business environment, aim to satisfy customers’ needs. This requires a precise production plan throughout the supply chain. These days, because of the increasing costs of production and distribution, especially in the cem...

liberalization of energy price increases costs of agricultural inputs and costs of agricultural production. all these changes may affect the overall competitiveness of domestic products with similar foreign products. as a result of that, total cost of agricultural products are increased and profitability are decreased. in this paper, energy consumption for producing corn were calculated using c...