A theory of field induced electron emission from electrolytic conductors is proposed in which an electron associated with an immobile anion at the surface is destabilised as a cation moves into the bulk. This electron may be thermally emitted over a field-lowered barrier. Equations are developed for the potential barrier that must be surmounted by the electron and the form of the current versus...

We show that the sphaleron energy which identifies with the (instanton) potential barrier for B-violation is reduced in the presence (background) of an electroweak Z-string. We also show that for large enough Higgs coupling, λ, the sphaleron energy can go negative. For such λ, electroweak Z-strings can reduce their energy by accumulating sphaleron bound states. This further endows them with bar...

one of the important issues in hydraulic engineering is inspection of local scour depth around bridge pier. using piles is one of the ways for confronting local scour and erosion. in this study, the experiments were conducted in an 8m long, 0.5m deep and 0.25m wide flume. and the effectof using piles and number of them observed on the amount of scour in three different frude numbers. the shape ...

We generally investigate a new class of scalar field model with the lagrangian L = F (X) − V (φ). We find that it is the square potential(with a negative minimum) drives the usual linear field solution while in K-essence model the potential should be taken as a inverse square form. The linear field solution model is isomorphic with a special model where its sound speed diverges. We find that ou...

The Moller operators and the asociated Lippman-Schwinger equations obtained from different partitionings of the Hamiltonian for a step-like potential barrier are worked out, compared and related.

this work presents the heat transfer characteristics of a new type of porous radiant air heater that operates on the basis of effective energy conversion method between flowing gas enthalpy and thermal radiation. at each layer, the gas and solid phases are considered in non-local thermal equilibrium, and combustion in the porous radiant burner is modeled by considering a non-uniform heat genera...

mixed convection is a fundamentally significant heat transfer mechanism that occurs in selection industrial and technological applications. in this study, first the laminar mixed convection inside rectangular enclosure with moving wall and aspect ratio=10 is modeled and then the results are compared with other investigate. after showing varity of results, the investigation is continued with tur...

rectangular waveguide (wr) is one of the earliest types of transmission lines. rectangular waveguide can be produced by hot extrusion process. in this paper, the hot extrusion process of cuzn5 rectangular waveguide was investigated by finite element method (fem). in addition, genetic algorithm method (ga) was used to optimize the die geometry and process conditions to achieve the lowest magnitu...

This paper provides new insights into the problem of selecting filter center frequencies for the auditory filterbanks. We propose to use a constant frequency distance and a consistent frequency coverage as the two metrics that motivate the logarithmic frequency scaling and a regularized selection of center frequencies. The frequency scaling and the consistent frequency coverage have been derive...