The potential impact of wheat flour fortification with iron and folic acid was assessed using data about food purchases from the nationally representative 2000 Guatemalan Living Standards Measurement Survey. Of 7265 households, 35% were indigenous and 57% rural; 11% were extremely poor, 35% were poor, and 54% were nonpoor. The percentage of households that purchased wheat flour, sweet bread, Fr...

An extensive literature has assessed the influence of diet on dental caries, but to date dietary influences on caries of the primary dentition have not been studied widely. This study examined the role of specific nutrients in the caries experience of preschool children. A total of 628 children ages 2 to 6 years received a dental examination, parent interview, and a seven-day diet diary. The di...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to validate the EAR cut-point method for assessing the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy at the population level. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS Different methods for estimating the prevalence of inadequate intake were compared: the cut-off point method, with cut-off points at the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), 0.66 RDA, 0.50 RDA and the Estimated Average Requir...

Protein recommendations by some professional organizations for young adults engaged in resistance training (RT) are higher than the recommended dietary allowance (RDA), but recommendations for resistance-training older adults (>50 years old) are not well characterized. Some argue that the current RDA is adequate, but others indicate increased protein needs. Although concerns have been raised ab...

The mechanisms driving the spatial patterns of species richness and composition are essential to the understanding of biodiversity. Numerous studies separately identify the contributions of the environment (niche process) and space (neutral process) to the species richness or composition at different scales, but few studies have investigated the contributions of both types of processes in the t...

We investigated the diversity and community composition of denitrifying bacteria in surface water from the Yellow River estuary. Our results indicated that the diversity of the denitrifying community in freshwater based on the nirK gene was higher than that in seawater. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis suggested that the bacteria community could be distributed into eight clusters (Clusters I ...

OBJECTIVE To summarise the applications and appropriate use of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) as guidance for nutrition and health research professionals in the dietary assessment of groups and individuals. DESIGN Key points from the Institute of Medicine report, Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment, are summarised in this paper. The different approaches for using D...

Mean daily milk, lactose and energy intakes were measured in groups of South African school pupils of 9-16 years. Recommended dietary allowances (RDA) were not reached by any of the groups. In comparison, groups of Canadian, Nigerian and German schoolchildren of similar ages fell into two categories, namely high milk consumers and low milk consumers. Lactose and energy intakes for high consumer...

This book is an excellent guide for new leaders and those looking to develop their leadership skills.

AIM The Redesigning Daily Occupations programme (ReDO) is a Swedish work rehabilitation programme for women on sick leave due to stress-related disorders. The aim of the study was to investigate the participants' perceptions of taking part in the work rehabilitation programme. METHODS Seven of the 38 women who completed ReDO were interviewed during and after the programme. The interviews were...