The evaluation of thermal bioclimate can be conducted employing either observational or modeling techniques. The advantage of the numerical modeling approach lies in that it can be applied in areas where there is lack of observational data, providing a detailed insight on the prevailing thermal bioclimatic conditions. However, this approach should be exploited carefully since model simulations ...

Affiliations of authors: Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK (MLC, FRG, MPR), Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (HOA, HG, FW), Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (HOA), Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA (HOA), Joint Senior Authors (FRG, ...

The Earth formed through accretion of planetesimals in 1–100 million years. Planetesimal impacts induce degassing, melting, and vaporization during accretion. The impact degassing, as well as the gravitational capture of the surrounding solar nebula gas, formed the proto-atmosphere on a growing Earth. The impact of heating and the blanketing effect of the proto-atmosphere resulted in the meltin...

Many studies have explored outdoor thermal comfort during the last several years, ever since it has been strongly related to human health and well-being. The physiological equivalent temperature (PET) is one of most commonly used indexes. It approved applied within different urban spaces climates. This study a comparative research that importance using mean radiant (Tmrt) in PET assessment by e...

Campbell’s The Great Transition is a significant contribution to the growing literature that traces the roots of Europe’s economic rise to the climatic and population shocks of the late medieval period. This review essay discusses the empirical, historical and theoretical support for Campbell’s view while highlighting that it struggles to explain why these positive effects were limited to Europ...