INTRODUCTION Remote Area Nurses (RANs) in Australia frequently encounter hazards that contribute to violence in the work place. Resources to deal with this problem are limited. METHODS Adopting a risk management approach and using the Delphi method, a panel of expert RANs (n=10) from geographically diverse communities across Australia, identified and prioritised hazards that increase the risk...

RANS-LES hybrid approaches have become increasingly popular. One way to construct a hybrid approach is to apply separate flow solvers to components of a complex system and to exchange information at the interfaces of the domains. For the LES flow solver, boundary conditions then have to be defined on the basis of the Reynolds-averaged flow statistics delivered by a RANS flow solver. This is a c...

The paper presents a comparison of several hybridization between RANS and LES, and their potential and limitations in an industrial context. The first part of the paper addresses an often eluded problem in the hybrid RANS/LES community: the importance of the baseline statistical model. A new robust low-Reynolds number eddy-viscosity model, derived from a Reynolds-stress model and accounting for...

Predictive capability of RANS and LES models to calculate incipient cavitation of water in a step nozzle is assessed. The RANS models namely, Realizable k-ɛ, SST k-ω and Reynolds Stress Model did not predict any cavitation, due to the limitation of RANS models to predict the low pressure vortex cores. LES WALE model was able to predict the cavitation by capturing the shear layer instability and...

CFD modeling using RANS and LES of pollutant dispersion in a three-dimensional street canyon is investigated by comparison with measurements. The purpose of this study is to confirm the accuracy of LES in modeling plume dispersion in a simple street canyon model and to clarify the mechanism of the discrepancy in relation to RANS computation. Simple LES modeling is shown by comparison with wind ...

This paper presents computational results for two DES (Detached Eddy Simulation), one hybrid RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes)/ LES (Large Eddy Simulation) and some preliminary results from PANS (Partially Averaged Navier-Stokes) turbulence for simulation of unsteady separated turbulent flows. The models are implemented in a full 3-D Navier Stokes solver and are based on the twoequation k-...

Acoustic field generated by a single vortex approaching a hydrofoil is studied. A combined vortex/RANS simulation for the near–field unsteady vorticity is developed to include effects from RANS Reynolds stresses. The far-field acoustics is calculated using a vortex sound formula with the near-field vorticity as the source. The results show that at a higher incident angle when the RANS shows a s...

The objective of this study is to evaluate a recently proposed dynamic hybrid Reynoldsaveraged Navier-Stokes (RANS)-Large Eddy Simulation (LES) modeling framework that seeks to effectively address issues regarding RANS-to-LES transition and explicit grid dependence inherent in most current hybrid RANS-LES (HRL) models. RANSto-LES transition in the investigated dynamic HRL (DHRL) model is based ...

In this paper, we study the distribution of distances in random Apollonian network structures (RANS), a family of graphs which has a one-to-one correspondence with planar ternary trees. Using multivariate generating functions that express all information on distances, and singularity analysis for evaluating the coefficients of these functions, we prove a Rayleigh limit distribution for distance...

[1] In this paper we consider the problem of modeling a turbulent pulsating boundary layer over ripples. We compare the results of two modeling strategies, Wilcox’s k w Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS) and large-eddy simulation (LES) employing the Lagrangian dynamic eddy viscosity model. The geometry and parameters employed are relevant to nearshore oceanic flows, and the result...