Optical communication systems, operating in C-band, are reaching their theoretically achievable capacity limits. An attractive and economically viable solution to satisfy the future data rate demands is employ transmission across full low-loss spectrum encompassing O, E, S, C L band of single mode fibers (SMF). Utilizing all five bands offers a bandwidth up $\sim$53.5THz (365nm) with loss below...

The significance of full vectorial pulse propagation through emerging waveguides has not been investigated. Here we report the development of a generalised vectorial model of nonlinear pulse propagation due to the effects of Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) in optical waveguides. Unlike standard models, this model does not use the weak guidance approximation, and thus accurately models the mod...

The effects of the pumping wavelength and their power on the gain flattening of a fiber Raman amplifier (FRA) are investigated. The multi-wavelength pumping scheme is utilized to achieve gain flatness in FRA. It is proposed that gain flatness becomes better with increase in number of pumping wavelengths applied. We have achieved flat gain with 0.27 dB fluctuation in a spectral range of 1475-160...

Raman gain for all-optical amplification depends significantly on the cross section for spontaneous Raman scattering. We present measurements of the Raman spectrum of binary niobium-phosphate glasses in the frequency range from 5 – 1300 cm. The spectra of these glasses show a low-frequency enhancement of the vibrational density of states (‘Boson peak’) suggesting a significant gain profile for ...

We show high Raman gain in a silicon submicrometer-size planar waveguide. Using high-confinement structures and picosecond pump pulses, we show 3.1-dB net internal gain with 2.8-W peak pump power in a 7-mm-long waveguide. We also analyze experimentally and theoretically the effect of free-carrier absorption on the Raman gain.

The stimulated Raman gain effect in planar dielectric waveguides is analyzed for the study of thin layers. Calculations show high gain factors and predict the possibility of detecting monolayers. Compared with those for methods based on ref lection, the gain can be 4 orders of magnitude higher for a monolayer of benzene. It is concluded that waveguide stimulated Raman gain spectroscopy is a pro...

We describe a model of Raman-parametric hybrid amplifier and present its simulation results for flat gain amplification in Dense Wavelength Division multiplexed (DWDM) terabits capacity system. In the proposed configuration single pump FOPA is cascaded after Raman to form a hybrid with each implemented in separate length of fiber. This allows for maximum optimization of gain achieved using Rama...

The wavelength tunability of conventional fiber lasers are limited by the bandwidth of gain spectrum and the tunability of feedback mechanism. Here a fiber laser which is continuously tunable from 1 to 1.9 μm is reported. It is a random distributed feedback Raman fiber laser, pumped by a tunable Yb doped fiber laser. The ultra-wide wavelength tunability is enabled by the unique property of rand...

We investigate the effects of Raman and Kerr gain in crystalline microresonators and determine the conditions required to generate mode-locked frequency combs. We show theoretically that a strong, narrowband Raman gain determines a maximum microresonator size allowable to achieve comb formation. We verify this condition experimentally in diamond and silicon microresonators and show that there e...

We show that a light-stopping system with Raman amplification can overcome the gain-bandwidth constraint of slow light Raman amplification systems. The gain scales linearly with the time the pulse spends in the stopped state and is thus much larger than the gain experienced in a slow light system of the same length and operating bandwidth. We present a theoretical analysis of Raman amplificatio...