This investigation was performed to provide heavy metal signatures of urban soils, dusts, rainwater and to evaluate potential sources in Arak, Markazi Province. Thirty-one samples of urban soils, 29 dust and16 rainwater samples were collected in Arak city. Then, Pb, Cu, Zn, As and Ni concentrations were determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Application of discriminant analysi...

Rainwater harvesting within the urban environment is being increasingly recognised for its important role in reducing pressures on mains water supply and reducing stormwater runoff. The extent to which rainwater tanks can improve our management of the urban water cycle depends on the level of usage of the rain-harvested water. By incorporating the hotwater service into the suite of uses of harv...

Total water cycle management (TWCM) discussion mostly limits the role of residential rainwater harvesting to providing an alternate water supply to a fraction of fit-for-purpose end uses. However, with operational improvements, greater outcomes can be achieved. By increasing the portion of roof area connected and developing adaptive rainwater diversion (ARD), reliable stormwater management outc...

Due to decreases in the availability and quality of traditional water resources, harvested rainwater is increasingly used for potable and non-potable purposes. In this study, we examined the effect of conventional roofing materials (i.e., asphalt fiberglass shingle, Galvalume(®) metal, and concrete tile) and alternative roofing materials (i.e., cool and green) on the quality of harvested rainwa...

In this study, the microbiological quality of household tap water samples fed from rainwater tanks was assessed by monitoring the numbers of Escherichia coli bacteria and enterococci from 24 households in Southeast Queensland (SEQ), Australia. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was also used for the quantitative detection of zoonotic pathogens in water samples from rainwater tanks and connected household ...

In late 50th E. Wigner studied the moments of N N random symmetric matrices whose entries are independent identically distributed real random variables [Wig55]. He observed that if the law of these variables is symmetric, then after certain normalization, the leading contribution to the 2k-th moment M N 2k as N ∞ is described by the set of simple random walks of 2k steps in the upper half-plane...

We examined whether predators and competitors influence selection of oviposition sites by Anopheles gambiae Giles. Mosquitoes in cages laid significantly fewer eggs in rainwater conditioned with a predator (backswimmers, Notonecta sp.) than in unconditioned rainwater. Rainwater conditioned with a putative competitor (tadpoles, Xenopus sp.) also had fewer eggs than unconditioned rainwater. Simil...

The impact of rainwater on the microbial quality of a tropical freshwater reservoir through atmospheric wet deposition of microorganisms was studied for the first time. Reservoir water samples were collected at four different sampling points and rainwater samples were collected in the immediate vicinity of the reservoir sites for a period of four months (January to April, 2012) during the North...

Rainwater utilization has great potentials for recovering hydrological cycles, for buffering extreme run-off situations in the watercourses, and for reducing the costs for water supply in urban area. However, little information is available on the water qualities and runoff properties of collected rainwater, which is critical for efficient design and maintenance strategies of rainwater harvesti...