the aim of this study is to compare the sensitometric properties of commonly used radiographic films processed with chemical solutions in different workload hospitals. the effect of different processing conditions on induced densities on radiologic films was investigated. two accessible double emulsions fuji and kodak films were exposed with 11-step wedge and processed with champion and cpac pr...

introduction: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiographic quality of root canal fillings by fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-year undergraduate students at tabriz faculty of dentistry between 2006 and 2012. methods and materials: a total of 1183 root canal fillings in 620 teeth were evaluated by two investigators (and in case of disagreement by a third investigator) regarding the prese...

New diagnostic and sensor designs are needed for future burning plasma (BP) fusion experiments, having good space and time resolution and capable of prolonged operation in the harsh BP environment. We evaluate the potential of multi-energy x-ray imaging with filtered detector arrays for BP diagnostic and control. Experimental studies show that this simple and robust technique enables measuring ...

It was originally revealed by Einstein [ 1 ] that equilibrium thermodynamics can provide information on the magnitude of statistical fluctuations in thermodynamical systems. In this paper we shall propose a thermodynamical expression for the correlation length 6 of spatial fluctuations of local thermodynamic characteristics. The correlation length is an important quantity of systems, especially...

The absorption spectra of the GAFCHROMIC XR type R radiochromic film measured with reflectance spectroscopy have been investigated in order to analyze the dosimetry characteristics of the film. Like the XR type T film, this film features two peaks in its absorption spectrum, approximately at 676 and 618 nm, whose intensities increase with increasing absorbed dose. When the main absorption peak ...

The Hilbert polynomial can be defined axiomatically as a group homomorphism on the Grothendieck group K(X) of a projective variety X, satisfying certain properties. The Chern polynomial can be similarly defined. We therefore define these rather abstract notions to try and find a nice description of this relationship. Introduction Let X = P be a complex projective variety over an algebraically c...