The purpose of the study described in this and the preceding two companion papers was to determine the synaptic actions of neuron R 15, an endogenously bursting neurosecretory cell in Aplysia, as a step toward determining its physiological function. The results described in this paper demonstrate that activity in R15 activates anterograde peristaltic movements in the segment of the large hermap...

How aging affects the communication between neurons is poorly understood. To address this question, we have studied the electrophysiological properties of identified neuron R15 of the marine mollusk Aplysia californica. R15 is a bursting neuron in the abdominal ganglia of the central nervous system and is implicated in reproduction, water balance, and heart function. Exposure to acetylcholine (...

The hazard posed by tropical cyclones (TCs) is often quantified in terms of the minimum central pressure (MCP) or maximum wind speed. While significant, these qualities must be balanced against considerations for the strength and spatial extent of the outer-core circulation, which also significantly determines the total peril posed by these storms. To this end, the results of recent studies on ...

Arsenic-resistant cells (R15), derived from a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (CL3), were 10-fold more resistant to sodium arsenite (As(III)). Because R15 cells accumulated less arsenic than parental CL3 cells, this arsenic resistance may be due to higher efflux and/or lower uptake of As(III). We therefore compared expression of the multidrug resistance-associated proteins MRP1, MRP2, and M...

In the preceding paper (Kramer and Levitan, 1988), we presented evidence that an inwardly rectifying K+ current (IR) is inactivated by Ca2+ influx accompanying spontaneous bursting activity in the Aplysia neuron R15. In this paper we examine the mechanism that enables Ca2+ to inactivate IR. Since IR is enhanced by cyclic AMP in neuron R15 (Drummond et al., 1980; Benson and Levitan, 1983), we ex...

BACKGROUND Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) using transient elastography has recently become available for the assessment of liver fibrosis. Whether LSM can predict the functional liver reserve in patients undergoing liver resection is not certain. AIM To correlate liver stiffness measurement (LSM) with indocyanine green (ICG) clearance test and liver biochemistry, and to determine its usefu...

The neuron R15 is a peptidergic cell within the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia that participates in two neural circuits governing physiological and behavioral programs. We have cloned and characterized the major gene product expressed in this neuron. The R15 cDNA encodes a polyprotein precursor that is cleaved to yield a set of small neuropeptides. One peptide, R15 alpha 1, may act on different ...

Rhesus macaque rhadinovirus (RRV) is the rhesus macaque homologue of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). Here we examine expression of RRV R15 and ORF74, homologues of K14 and ORF74 of HHV-8, respectively. As in HHV-8, transcripts encoding RRV R15 and ORF74 are bicistronic. However, unlike what has been suggested for HHV-8, RRV R15- and ORF74-encoding transcripts are expressed late during lytic infect...

We analysed the cold-responsive gene repertoire for a psychrophilic methanogen, Methanolobus psychrophilus R15 through genomic and RNA-seq assayed transcriptomic comparisons for cultures at 18°C (optimal temperature) versus 4°C. The differences found by RNA-seq analysis were verified using quantitative real time-PCR assay. The results showed that as in the Antarctic methanogen, Methanococcoides...

The 15th, 16th, and 17th repeats of chicken brain alpha-spectrin (R15, R16, and R17, respectively) are very similar in terms of structure and stability. However, R15 folds and unfolds 3 orders of magnitude faster than R16 and R17. This is unexpected. The rate-limiting transition state for R15 folding is investigated using protein engineering methods (Phi-value analysis) and compared with previo...