Physicians have always tried to demarcate themselves from the Other, whom they labeled as a "charlatan." During the medieval period, Arabic physicians such as al-Rāzī attacked charlatans in their theoretical and deontological writings, and, like their Greek predecessors, called on the authorities to stamp out malpractice. Their advice was partly heeded, as can be seen from manuals on market ins...

Abstract Materialistic life orientation in the modern era is reason for emergence of various problems, especially psychological problems. One problems that arise meaninglessness or an existential vacuum. If it does not receive serious attention, then problem has potential to cause mental health disorders that, fact, now plague many humans. Those who are sober, gradually begin seek find solution...

Abstract This paper is devoted to a fascinating passage in Faḫr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 1210), which he argues that non-human animals have rational souls. It found his Mulaḫḫaṣ fī l-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma ( Epitome on Philosophy and Logic ). Following discussion of the afterlife, suggests should, like humans, be capable grasping universals, they are aware their own identity over time. Furthermore, animal...

one of the most important issues of abrahamic religions is faith. paul the apostle and fakhr rāzī, two thinkers in two religious fields of christianity and islam, have expressed their opinions in details in this regard. in discussing the consequences of faith, paul the apostle talks about salvation, justness, new life, security from devils and enemies, calmness and reception of god’s promises. ...

Durant notre séminaire de l’année 2020-2021, nous avons entrepris l’étude des commentaires coraniques d’Avicenne. Quelques du Coran lui sont attribués dans sa bibliographie : le commentaire la sourate 112, « al-Iḫlāṣ » (le Culte pur) ; celui 113 al-Falaq (de l’Aube) 114 al-Nās (Les hommes) ainsi qu’un verset 11 41, Ṯumma stawā ilā-samā’ (« Puis Il se tourna vers ciel »). Pour ce qui est à al-A‘...