False discovery rate control has become an essential tool in any study that has a very large multiplicity problem. False discovery rate-controlling procedures have also been found to be very effective in QTL analysis, ensuring reproducible results with few falsely discovered linkages and offering increased power to discover QTL, although their acceptance has been slower than in microarray analy...

This article presents a method to combine QTL results from different independent analyses. This method provides a modified Akaike criterion that can be used to decide how many QTL are actually represented by the QTL detected in different experiments. This criterion is computed to choose between models with one, two, three, etc., QTL. Simulations are carried out to investigate the quality of the...

systemic lupus erythemathosus is an autoimmune disease that affected many various types of tissues in 10% of world population and over 30 genes has associated with it. nouroimmunoendocrynology concepts have shown that immune system could be affected by neuron system and vice versa, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor a (5ht3ra) was studied as a main receptor in these relations. in this study, peripher...

background:breast cancer remains the most common and second lethal cancer in females. her-2/neu is one of the most important amplified oncogene in breast cancer. the amplification of her-2 is correlated with decreased survival, metastasis, and early recurrence.  the amplification of her-2/neu gene and synthesis of the protein are reported in 10%-34% of breast cancer cases associated with tumor ...

vaccines is considered as a critical point and in-process of quality control (ipqc) test of vaccine production. rapid tests, like real time pcr, are more appropriated when the production occurs at industrial scale because of the amounts of starting materials and the excess of consumed time required. in the current study, a real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (...

As a promising tool for dissecting the genetic basis of common diseases, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) study has attracted increasing research interest. The traditional eQTL methods focus on testing the associations between individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and gene expression traits. A major drawback of this approach is that it cannot model the joint effect of a set...

Those who have worked in the field of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) since the early 1990s have accepted many of the tedious aspects of the early assays as routine. Difficulties associated with early quantitative PCR techniques included: (i) ensuring that the PCR was within the linear range of amplification (that portion where the PCR signal is directly proportional to the input c...

Unlike classical end-point analysis PCR, real-time PCR provides the data required for quantification of the target nucleic acid. The results can be expressed in absolute terms by reference to external quantified standards or in relative terms compared to another target sequence present within the sample. Absolute quantification requires that the efficiency of the amplification reaction is the s...

We have developed a novel "real time" quantitative PCR method. The method measures PCR product accumulation through a dual-labeled fluorogenic probe (i.e., TaqMan Probe). This method provides very accurate and reproducible quantitation of gene copies. Unlike other quantitative PCR methods, real-time PCR does not require post-PCR sample handling, preventing potential PCR product carry-over conta...

previous studies have shown antiviral effect of echinacea and elderberry preparations against human influenza viruses in vitro. to investigate the in vivo antiviral effect of these herbs on avian h9n2 influenza virus, amantadine and two standardized commercial extracts of echinacea purpurea (ef) and sambucus nigra (sam) were used in broiler chickens infected with h9n2 strain of the virus. ef, s...